Beta cell functionality and hepatic insulin resistance are major contributors to type 2 diabetes remission and starting pharmacological therapy: from CORDIOPREV randomized controlled trial.

In order to assess whether previous hepatic IR (Hepatic-IR) and beta-cell functionality could modulate type 2 diabetes remission and the need for starting glucose-lowering treatment, newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes participants who had never received glucose-lowering treatment (190 out of 1002) from the CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention study (a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial), were randomized to consume a Mediterranean or a low-fat diet. Type 2 diabetes remission was defined according to the American Diabetes Association recommendation for levels of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and 2h plasma glucose after oral glucose tolerance test, and having maintained them for at least 2 consecutive years. Patients were classified according to the median of Hepatic-IR and beta-cell functionality, measured as the disposition index (DI) at baseline.

Dietary Intervention Modulates the Expression of Splicing Machinery in Cardiovascular Patients at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Development: From the CORDIOPREV Study.

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major health problem worldwide. T2DM risk can be reduced with healthy dietary interventions, but the precise molecular underpinnings behind this association are still incompletely understood. We recently discovered that the expression profile of the splicing machinery is associated with the risk of T2DM development.

MiRNAs profile as biomarkers of nutritional therapy for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From the CORDIOPREV study.

Background And Aim: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased worldwide. One of the first actions to reduce the risk of this disease is to implement healthy dietary models; however, no universal dietary strategies have so far been established. In addition, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as new biomarkers to predict disease.

Reduction in Circulating Advanced Glycation End Products by Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Increased Likelihood of Type 2 Diabetes Remission in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: From the Cordioprev Study.

Scope: It is hypothesized that decreased advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels could affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission in newly diagnosed patients through the consumption of two healthy diets.

Methods And Results: Patients from CORDIOPREV study, all with previous cardiovascular events, with T2DM at the beginning of the study are included. Patients are randomized to a Mediterranean or a low-fat diet for five years.

Postprandial Lipemia Modulates Pancreatic Alpha-Cell Function in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Development: The CORDIOPREV Study.

Diabetes (T2DM) is a major global health issue, and developing new approaches to its prevention is of paramount importance. We hypothesized that abnormalities in lipid metabolism are involved in alpha-cell deregulation. We therefore studied the metabolic factors underlying alpha-cell dysfunction in T2DM progression after a dietary intervention (Mediterranean and low-fat).

Lifestyle factors modulate postprandial hypertriglyceridemia: From the CORDIOPREV study.

Background And Aims: Recent evidence suggests that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPT) is associated with the incidence of CVD. Several non-modifiable factors (genetics, age, gender) and lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, regular alcohol) have shown their ability to modulate PPT. We evaluate the influence of regular alcohol intake, physical activity and smoking habit modulating PPT in the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937).

Apolipoprotein E genetic variants interact with Mediterranean diet to modulate postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in coronary heart disease patients: CORDIOPREV study.

Background: We try to explore whether long-term consumption of two healthy dietary patterns (low-fat [LF] diet or Mediterranean diet [MedDiet]) interacts with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs439401, rs440446 and rs7412) modulating postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (ppHTG) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.

Methods And Results: We selected patients from the CORDIOPREV study with genotyping and who underwent an oral fat load test (FLT) at baseline and after 3 years follow-up (n = 506). After 3 years of follow-up, we found a gene-diet interaction between the APOE rs439401 SNP and MedDiet.

Prediabetes diagnosis criteria, type 2 diabetes risk and dietary modulation: The CORDIOPREV study.

Aim: Our objective was to investigate the role of two healthy diets in modulating the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) development associated with each prediabetes diagnosis criteria in coronary heart disease patients. Additionally, we explored the pathophysiological characteristics and the risk of developing T2DM in patients with different prediabetes criteria.

Methods: We included 462 patients from the CORDIOPREV study without T2DM at baseline: 213 had prediabetes defined by impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (PreDM-IFG/IGT); 180 had prediabetes by isolated hemoglobin glycated plasma levels (PreDM-isolated-HbA1c), and 69 were not prediabetics (non-PreDM), according to the American Diabetes Association criteria.

Agaricus bisporus supplementation reduces high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and fatty liver development.

Obesity is a global epidemic characterized not only by excessive fat deposition but also by important complications such as nonalcoholic liver steatosis. Beneficial antiobesogenic effects have been described for some mushrooms. The current study aimed to demonstrate the protective effect of Agaricus bisporus (AB) supplementation against the metabolic alterations induced by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding.

Circulating miRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Development in Coronary Heart Disease Patients from the CORDIOPREV Study.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as type 2 diabetes biomarkers, and they may be a more sensitive way to predict development of the disease than the currently used tools. Our aim was to identify whether circulating miRNAs, added to clinical and biochemical markers, yielded better potential for predicting type 2 diabetes. The study included 462 non-diabetic patients at baseline in the CORDIOPREV study.

Mediterranean Diet, Glucose Homeostasis, and Inflammasome Genetic Variants: The CORDIOPREV Study.

Scope: Insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low-grade inflammation are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The "NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing-3" (NLRP3) inflammasome component of innate immunity is a metabolic stress sensor modulated by dietary and genetics factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the consumption of two diets for 3 years, Mediterranean (Med) and low fat, on glucose homeostasis in the 1002 coronary heart disease patients of the CORDIOPREV study, according to a genetic variant of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Endotoxemia is modulated by quantity and quality of dietary fat in older adults.

Background: Aging is an important determinant of the rate of atherosclerosis development, mainly through low-grade inflammation. Diet, and particularly its fat content, modulates the inflammatory response in fasting and postprandial states.

Objective: We aimed to study the effects of dietary fat on endotoxemia in healthy older adults.

Effect of different cooking methods on nutritional value and antioxidant activity of cultivated mushrooms.

Influence of culinary treatments (boiling, microwaving, grilling, and deep frying) on proximate composition and antioxidant capacity of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus eryngii) was studied. Proximate composition was affected by the cooking method and the mushrooms species. Frying induced more severe losses in protein, ash, and carbohydrates content but increased the fat and energy.

Assessing the effects of model Maillard compound intake on iron, copper and zinc retention and tissue delivery in adult rats.

The behaviour of dietary Maillard reaction compounds (MRP) as metal chelating polymers can alter mineral absorption and/or retention. Our aim in this study was to analyse the long-term effects of the consumption of model MRP from glucose-lysine heated for 90 min at 150 °C (GL) on iron, copper and zinc whole-body retention and tissue delivery. For 88 days, weaning rats were fed a Control diet or one containing 3% GL, until reaching the adult stage.

Do bread-crust-derived Maillard reaction products affect the retention and tissue distribution of trace elements?

Purpose: To investigate the effects of the consumption of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from bread crust (BC) on iron, copper and zinc body retention and tissue distribution, determining whether these effects are related to the molecular weight of browning products.

Methods: During an 88-day study period, rats were fed a Control diet or diets containing BC as source of MRPs, its soluble high or low molecular weight fractions (BC, LMW or HMW diets). A mineral balance was conducted throughout the experiment to determine iron, copper and zinc retention.

Antioxidant balance after long-term consumption of standard diets including bread crust glycated compounds by adult rats.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo uptake of antioxidant capacity (AC) in rats fed on diets containing commonly consumed MRPs obtained from bread crust (BC) at long-term. Additionally we focused on understanding the effects of those compounds on the oxidative status of these animals. The global antioxidant response of the diets was measured.

An advanced glycation end product (AGE)-rich diet promotes Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine accumulation in the cardiac tissue and tendons of rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intake, excretion, and tissue accumulation of carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), after feeding rats a diet containing advanced glycation end products (AGEs) from a glucose-lysine (GL) model system. Rats were distributed into two groups and assigned to a control diet or a diet including 3% heated GL (GL diet) for three months. Feces and urine were collected over the last week.

Metabolic transit of N(ε)-carboxymethyl-lysine after consumption of AGEs from bread crust.

Our aim was to investigate carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) intake and excretion after feeding rats with diets containing advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) from bread crust (BC) or its soluble or insoluble fractions, and to identify the factors responsible for the effects observed. CML in serum and different tissues was measured to detect possible accumulations. For 88 days, weanling rats were fed with either a control diet or one containing BC, or its soluble low molecular weight (LMW), soluble high molecular weight (HMW) or insoluble fractions.

Effects of model Maillard compounds on bone characteristics and functionality.

Background: Physical and biomechanical properties of bone can be affected by non-enzymatic crosslinks, which are implicated in bone pathologies such as osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of the consumption of model Maillard reaction product (MRP) from glucose-lysine heated for 90 min at 150 °C (GL90) on bone composition and features. Rats were fed either a control diet or a diet containing 30 g kg(-1) GL90 for 88 days.

Composition and functionality of bone affected by dietary glycated compounds.

Our aim was to investigate the effects of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from bread crust (BC) on bone composition and its mechanical properties, determining whether any such effects are related to the molecular weight of different MRPs. For 88 days after weaning rats were fed a control diet or diets containing BC, or its soluble low molecular weight (LMW), soluble high molecular weight (HMW) or insoluble fractions. Animals' food consumption and body weights were monitored.

Effects of diets supplemented with MRPs from bread crust on the food intake and body weights in rats.

Traditionally the effects of dietary Maillard reaction products (MRPs) on food intake and body weight have been described in different studies, but few investigations have been conducted to analyse the main contributors responsible. We studied the effects of long-term consumption of MRPs from bread crust (BC) on rat growth, investigating the efficiency of diet and protein utilization. Different soluble and insoluble fractions of BC were studied to analyse the possible contributors.

Consumption of model maillard reaction products has no significant impact on Ca and Mg retention or on tissue distribution in rats.

Our aim was to analyze the influence of the prolonged consumption of Maillard reaction prod-ucts (MRPs) from the glucose-lysine model system, on calcium and magnesium bioavailability and on tissue distribution in female rats. A long-term study (88 days) was conducted, in which two groups of rats (n = 12) were fed either a Control diet or one including 3 % glucose-lysine MRPs (GL90 diet). During the experimental period, the global balance was determined; calcium apparent absorption, retention, and bioavailability were stable after consumption of the assayed MRPs (37 % and 38 % for the Control and GL90 groups, respectively).