MMBRG Protocol - Infants and Preschoolers: Myofunctional Orofacial Clinic Examination.

Purpose: To present the Myofunctional Orofacial Clinical Examination Protocol belonging to the MMBGR Protocol - Infants and Preschoolers, including its validation.

Methods: Initially, test content-based validity was evaluated from the MBGR Protocol to be used with the age group between 6 and 71 months based on the bibliography and experience between the authors (original and current). For the content and appearance analysis, 10 speech therapists specialized in Orofacial Motricity attended and filled out an electronic form with dichotic and Likert scale questions in two moments.

Effect of Lingual Frenotomy on Tongue and Lip Rest Position: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

 The tongue plays an important role in the development of craniofacial structures. At rest, the light and constant pressure of the tongue against the hard palate, counterbalanced by the pressure provided by proper lip sealing, serves as a guide for maxillary growth. Ankyloglossia makes tongue coupling against the hard palate difficult, impacting maxillary development, which may lead to breathing disorders.

MMBGR Protocol - infants and preschoolers: Instructive and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History.

Purpose: To present Myofunctional Orofacial Clinical History Instructive and Protocol belonging to the MMBGR Protocol - Infants and Preschoolers, including the adaptation and validation of content and appearance.

Methods: Validation, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Adaptation based on the MBGR Protocol, based on theoretical studies and the authors' experience.

Extension and validation of the protocol of orofacial myofunctional assessment for individuals with cleft lip and palate.

Purpose: To perform the expansion, validation of the content, criterion and construct of an orofacial myofunctional assessment protocol for individuals with cleft lip and palate; and to define evaluation parameters for the instrument use.

Methods: The expansion of the instrument was performed based on the MBGR protocol; the items, sub items and possibilities of answers of the amplified instrument were analyzed for their clarity by seven examiners for the content validation..

The effects of frenotomy on breastfeeding.

Unlabelled: Although the interference of tongue-tie with breastfeeding is a controversial subject, The use of lingual frenotomy has been widely indicated by health professionals.

Objective: To observe changes in breastfeeding patterns after lingual frenotomy concerning the number of sucks, pause length between groups of sucking and mother's complaints.

Material And Methods: Oral yes/no questions about breastfeeding symptoms and sucking/swallowing/breathing coordination were answered by the mothers of 109, 30 day old infants.

Lingual frenulum protocol.

An efficient lingual frenulum protocol with scores is presented. From a specific lingual frenulum evaluation used until 2004, a new protocol was designed. Ten speech language pathologists experienced in orofacial myology used the new protocol with different groups of subjects.

Lingual frenulum protocol with scores for infants.

An experimental protocol model for frenulum evaluation was first designed, and administered to ten infants in 2010. After obtaining the data and statistical analysis, the protocol was re-designed and administered to 100 infants. The aim of this study is to present an efficient and effective lingual frenulum protocol with scores for infants.

MBGR protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores.

The MBGR Protocol with scores was first published in 2009. This protocol was widely administered by speech-language pathologists experienced in orofacial myology in different states from Brazil for four months. From the comments and suggestions of these professionals, the protocol was reviewed and modified.

Lingual frenulum: changes after frenectomy.

Purpose: To describe the changes after frenectomy concerning mobility and functions of the tongue.

Methods: Participants were 53 subjects who had never undergone speech therapy or lingual frenulum surgery. A specific lingual frenulum protocol with scores was used by speech-language pathologists when there was evidence of frenulum alteration.

Proposal for facial type determination based on anthropometry.

Purpose: To describe orofacial indexes and proportions in adults, according to facial type and gender, and to verify the possibility to establish a way of classifying face based on anthropometry.

Methods: Participants were 105 leukoderm adults, 34 male (32.4%) and 71 female (67.

Speech-language pathology findings in patients with mouth breathing: multidisciplinary diagnosis according to etiology.

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the results of the findings from speech-language pathology evaluations for orofacial function including tongue and lip rest postures, tonus, articulation and speech, voice and language, chewing, and deglutition in children who had a history of mouth breathing. The diagnoses for mouth breathing included: allergic rhinitis, adenoidal hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis with adenoidal hypertrophy; and/or functional mouth breathing. This study was conducted with on 414 subjects of both genders, from 2 to 16-years old.

Lingual frenulum: quantitative evaluation proposal.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to establish a quantitative method to classify lingual frenulum as normal and altered.

Methods: 98 people were included in this study. All measurements were made with maxium opening of the mouth.

Lingual frenulum: classification and speech interference.

Purpose: To propose a classification of the different lingual frenulum and to relate them to speech disorders.

Methods: We evaluated 1402 patients' frenulum with an age range of 5 years 8 months to 62 years 10 months between 1978 and 2002. Pictures were taken of the altered frenulum.

[Clinical, endoscopical and manometric evaluation of swallowing in patients with acquired autoimmune myasthenia gravis].

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common problem following myasthenia gravis (MG) and may lead to aspiration of saliva, food or liquids. We herein present 22 MG patients, with complaint of dysphagia, evaluated by phonoaudiological evaluation, nasofibrolaryngoscopical analysis and manometry of upper esophageal sphincter. The main objective was to evaluate the phases of the swallowing process and anatomical and functional aspects of oropharyngeal musculature.