What to Do With Renal Cysts in Children?

Objective: To explore the current practice patterns for the management of renal cysts internationally among pediatric urologists and nephrologists.

Materials And Methods: A survey composed of 21 questions and 4 clinical scenarios was distributed to pediatric urologists and nephrologists. Survey questions evaluated optimal imaging modality, management, and follow-up period.

Testicular Volume Changes in Laparoscopic Staged Fowler-Stephens Orchiopexy: Studying the Impact of Testicular Vessel Division.

Objective: To study the effect of testicular vessel division on testicular volume during laparoscopic staged Fowler Stephens orchiopexy (LSFSO).

Methods: Testicular dimensions were prospectively measured intraoperatively at both first (S1) and second stages (S2) of LSFSO, and with scrotal ultrasound 3-12 months postoperatively. Testicular volumes were compared to reference ranges.

Safe discharge parameters for patients with isolated antenatal hydronephrosis.

Introduction: Antenatal hydronephrosis is a steady source of urology referrals since the era of routine fetal ultrasonography. Although most resolve, there are no guidelines for follow-up.

Objective: Our goal is to define safe parameters with which patients can be discharged early and avoid unnecessary follow-up.

A Survey of the Current Practice Patterns of Contralateral Testis Fixation in Unilateral Testicular Conditions.

Objective: To query the current contralateral testis fixation (CTF) practice patterns among pediatric urologists in different clinical situations that could result in monorchism.

Methods: An online survey was sent to members of the Urology Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The survey included questions addressing CTF practice patterns in 14 clinical scenarios.

Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux simulator curriculum as an effective teaching tool: Pilot study.

Introduction: It has been well recognized that simulators are effective tools to teach and evaluate technical skills in laparoscopic surgery. Endoscopic injection for the correction of vesicourteral reflux has a definite learning curve. Surgeon experience has also been demonstrated to have an important role in the outcome of the procedure.

Predicting the Risk of Breakthrough Urinary Tract Infections: Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux.

Purpose: We constructed a risk prediction instrument stratifying patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux into groups according to their 2-year probability of breakthrough urinary tract infection.

Materials And Methods: Demographic and clinical information was retrospectively collected in children diagnosed with primary vesicoureteral reflux and followed for 2 years. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with breakthrough urinary tract infection.

Bilateral polyorchidism with diffuse microlithiasis: a case report of an adolescent with 4 testes.

Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly, with only 140 pathologically proven cases reported. Bilateral polyorchidism is far less common than triorchidism. Most cases present as a painless scrotal mass or are found incidentally during evaluation of other inguinoscrotal pathologies.

Split ureteral stent after ureteroureterostomy.

Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy is a well documented surgical approach to duplicated collecting systems associated with obstruction or Vesicoureteral reflux. Indwelling stents are employed in these procedures, to facilitate unobstructed flow across the anastomosis, to minimize anastomotic leak, and to assist in aligning the repair. Positioning of the ureteral stent is controversial.

Congenital mid ureteral strictures.

Purpose: Congenital mid ureteral stricture is rare. We report 7 cases, and discuss the differences in preoperative evaluation and surgical management compared to other obstructive entities.

Materials And Methods: Medical records and imaging studies of 7 children identified with mid ureteral strictures between 1998 and 2002 were reviewed retrospectively.

Presentation of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pediatric population.

Idiopathic fibrosis of the retroperitoneum is rare in childhood. The authors describe an 11-year-old boy who presented with progressive renal failure, bilateral hydronephrosis, hypertension, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) owing to retroperitoneal fibrosis. Ureterolysis was performed with improvement in his creatinine level and blood pressure.

Unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children: long-term followup after unilateral pyeloplasty.

Purpose: The benefit of surgery on renal function in unilateral ureteropelvic junction stenosis (UPJS) is still debated. We evaluated renal function outcome after unilateral pyeloplasty in 53 children.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 123I-hippuran renography performed at diagnosis and 5 to 15 years (mean +/- SD 7 +/- 3 years) after successful pyeloplasty.

Prospective evaluation of human chorionic gonadotropin in the differentiation of undescended testes from retractile testes.

Purpose: We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the treatment of undescended testis and sought to determine whether HCG assists in the differentiation of undescended testis from retractile testis.

Materials And Methods: Patients with undescended testes were offered HCG. Testis position, laterality and the presence or absence of a hypoplastic scrotum were noted.

Endotoxin content in renal calculi.

Purpose: Manipulation of infection calculi (struvite and calcium apatite) can cause the sepsis syndrome due to endotoxemia or bacteremia. We sought to determine whether concentrations of endotoxin sufficient to produce the sepsis syndrome could be embedded in renal infection stones.

Materials And Methods: Fragments of infection and noninfection renal calculi were processed and assayed for endotoxin concentration.