Spectral Analysis of Light-Adapted Electroretinograms in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Classification with Machine Learning.

Electroretinograms (ERGs) show differences between typically developing populations and those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In a series of ERGs collected in ASD ( = 77), ADHD ( = 43), ASD + ADHD ( = 21), and control ( = 137) groups, this analysis explores the use of machine learning and feature selection techniques to improve the classification between these clinically defined groups. Standard time domain and signal analysis features were evaluated in different machine learning models.

Remodeling the light-adapted electroretinogram using a bayesian statistical approach.

Objective: To present a remodeling of the electroretinogram waveform using a covariance matrix to identify regions of interest and distinction between a control and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group. Electroretinograms were recorded in n = 25 ADHD (16 male; age 11.9 ± 2.

Risk of Blindness From Temple Filler Injections: Investigating Vascular Anastomoses Between the Deep Temporal and Ophthalmic Arteries.

Purpose: Soft-tissue filler injections, particularly hyaluronic acid, are popular for temple volume restoration. Although uncommon, this area poses risk for vision loss from embolic occlusion. Guidelines recommend injecting into the supraperiosteal plane for safety; however, the deep temporal arteries (DTAs) in this plane pose a risk.

Increased nuclear factor I-mediated chromatin access drives transition to androgen receptor splice variant dependence in prostate cancer.

Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, of which ARv7 is the most common, are increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer, but the extent to which they drive AR activity is unclear. We generated a subline of VCaP cells (VCaP16) that is resistant to the AR inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ). AR activity in VCaP16 is driven by ARv7, independently of full-length AR (ARfl), and its cistrome and transcriptome mirror those of ARfl in VCaP cells.

A Rare Case of Solitary Fibrous Tumor Involving the Nasolacrimal Duct System in a 12-Year-Old Female: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We report the youngest case of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) with extensive involvement of the nasolacrimal duct system and discuss current literature regarding this tumor type. A 12-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of an enlarging right medial orbit mass. CT orbits revealed a well-circumscribed, enhancing lesion adjacent to the right nasolacrimal system.

Brief report: effects of methylphenidate on the light adapted electroretinogram.

Purpose: To explore changes in the electroretinogram (ERG) following methylphenidate use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Light adapted ERGs were recorded in five individuals (3 male and 2 female, age range 13.6-21.

A Proposed Protocol for the Acute Management of Palpebro-Orbital Myiasis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Periocular and orbital myiasis are rare, vision-threatening conditions characterized by the infestation of dipterous fly larvae into periorbital and orbital tissues. While it has been primarily reported in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate is ideal for fly larval breeding, any patient with inadequate wound care regardless of geography may be predisposed. Infestations can progress rapidly over the course of several days with significant risk of life-threatening intracranial extension.

The Effect of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor and Statin Combination Therapy on Overall Survival and Gastrointestinal Toxicity.

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, have been approved to treat a variety of cancers. Recently, studies have suggested that ICIs and statins are synergistic. However, the addition of statins to ICI therapy may increase the risk of gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Effect of altered production and storage of dopamine on development and behavior in .

Introduction: The nematode, (), is an advantageous model for studying developmental toxicology due to its well-defined developmental stages and homology to humans. It has been established that across species, dopaminergic neurons are highly vulnerable to neurotoxicant exposure, resulting in developmental neuronal dysfunction and age-induced degeneration. , with genetic perturbations in dopamine system proteins, can provide insight into the mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotoxicants.

Behavioural and neurodevelopmental characteristics of SYNGAP1.

Background: SYNGAP1 variants are associated with varying degrees of intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD), epilepsy, autism, and behavioural difficulties. These features may also be observed in other monogenic conditions. There is a need to systematically compare the characteristics of SYNGAP1 with other monogenic causes of ID and DD to identify features unique to the SYNAGP1 phenotype.

A mixed methods, longitudinal study: characterizing the differences in engagement and perceived learning of medical students in online and in-person team-based learning classes.

Background: The rapid transition to online delivery of medical curriculum has facilitated the continuation of medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whilst active learning approaches, including Team-Based Learning (TBL), are generally more supportive of the learner's needs during such transition, it remains elusive how different learning environments affect a learner's motivation, engagement, and perceived learning over a prolonged period. We leveraged on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and key learners' characteristics to explore the levels of student's engagement and perceived learning in two TBL learning environments, online and in-person, over an extended period.

Gastrointestinal toxicities of proteasome inhibitor therapy.

Purpose: Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which cause cell death via tumor suppressor and pro-apoptotic proteins, are integral to treatment of many hematologic malignancies but are limited by their gastrointestinal adverse effects. Evidence regarding these PI-related adverse effects is scant. In this study, we evaluated gastrointestinal adverse events caused by PIs and compared gastrointestinal toxicities between bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib.

MYC Family Amplification Dictates Sensitivity to BET Bromodomain Protein Inhibitor Mivebresib (ABBV075) in Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for nearly 15% of all lung cancers. Although patients respond to first-line therapy readily, rapid relapse is inevitable, with few treatment options in the second-line setting. Here, we describe SCLC cell lines harboring amplification of MYC and MYCN but not MYCL1 or non-amplified MYC cell lines exhibit superior sensitivity to treatment with the pan-BET bromodomain protein inhibitor mivebresib (ABBV075).

Mental health disparities of sexual minority refugees and asylum seekers: Provider perspectives on trauma exposure, symptom presentation, and treatment approach.

Refugees and asylum seekers who identify as sexual minorities and/or who have been persecuted for same-sex acts maneuver through multiple oppressive systems at all stages of migration. Sexual minority refugees and asylum seekers (SM RAS) report experiencing a greater number of persecutory experiences and worse mental health symptoms than refugees and asylum seekers persecuted for reasons other than their sexual orientation (non-SM RAS). SM RAS are growing in numbers, report a need and desire for mental health treatment, and are often referred to therapy during the asylum process.

Nontraumatic orbital hematoma secondary to labor and childbirth: a case report and review of the literature.

Purpose: Non-traumatic orbital hemorrhage without underlying vascular malformations or predisposing conditions is uncommon, and particularly rare in the context of maternal labor. This study combines a novel case report and retrospective review to analyze reported cases and propose insights.

Methods: This study is both a unique case report and literature review examining PubMed publications with articles traced back to original sources through citations for inclusion.

Experiences of Motivational Interviewing in Virtual Health-care Visits for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Analysis.

Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify barriers minimizing the effectiveness of motivational interviewing during virtual clinic encounters for individuals with type 2 diabetes based on the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour (COM-B) model.

Methods: One-on-one semistructured interviews were conducted from March to June 2023, with 17 adults with type 2 diabetes (64.7% female; median age 69 years [range 47 to 83 years]) followed at St.

Thio-2 Inhibits Key Signaling Pathways Required for the Development and Progression of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Therapies that abrogate persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain an unmet clinical need. The N-terminal domain of the AR that drives transcriptional activity in CRPC remains a challenging therapeutic target. Herein we demonstrate that BCL-2-associated athanogene-1 (BAG-1) mRNA is highly expressed and associates with signaling pathways, including AR signaling, that are implicated in the development and progression of CRPC.

Detecting Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Multimodal Time-Frequency Analysis with Machine Learning Using the Electroretinogram from Two Flash Strengths.

Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are conditions that similarly alter cognitive functioning ability and challenge the social interaction, attention, and communication skills of affected individuals. Yet these are distinct neurological conditions that can exhibit diverse characteristics which require different management strategies. It is desirable to develop tools to assist with early distinction so that appropriate early interventions and support may be tailored to an individual's specific requirements.

Increased chromatin accessibility mediated by nuclear factor I drives transition to androgen receptor splice variant dependence in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, of which ARv7 is the most common, are increased in prostate cancer (PC) that develops resistance to androgen signaling inhibitor drugs, but the extent to which these variants drive AR activity, and whether they have novel functions or dependencies, remain to be determined. We generated a subline of VCaP PC cells (VCaP16) that is resistant to the AR inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ) and found that AR activity was independent of the full-length AR (ARfl), despite its continued high-level expression, and was instead driven by ARv7. The ARv7 cistrome and transcriptome in VCaP16 cells mirrored that of the ARfl in VCaP cells, although ARv7 chromatin binding was weaker, and strong ARv7 binding sites correlated with higher affinity ARfl binding sites across multiple models and clinical samples.

Pediatric neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations of COVID-19: A systematic review.

Objectives: Symptoms from SARS-CoV-2 infection can involve multiple organ systems. Several reviews discussed the neurologic involvement and neuroimaging findings in adults but research on children is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of neurologic involvement in patients diagnosed with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); and also to summarize current literature on possible neuroimaging findings in SARS-CoV-2 infected children.

A Pilot Nonrandomized Controlled Trial Examining the Use of Artificial Tears on the Radioactivity of Tears After Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Thyroid Cancer.

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is an adverse effect of high dose radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid carcinoma. There are currently no established preventive measures. This study assesses whether preservative free artificial tears (PFATs) can decrease the I sodium iodide (I) activity in the tears of patients following RAI therapy for thyroid carcinoma, and potentially serve as a preventive measure for RAI-associated NLDO.

Effect of altered production and storage of dopamine on development and behavior in .

The nematode, , is an advantageous model for studying developmental toxicology due to its homology to humans and well-defined developmental stages. Similarly to humans, utilize dopamine as a neurotransmitter to regulate motor behavior. We have previously reported behavioral deficits in a genetic model of (OK411) that lack the neurotransmitter transporter necessary for packaging dopamine into synaptic vesicles.