An examination of the moderating effects of neurophysiology on treatment outcomes from cognitive training in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Background: Impairments in neurocognition and community functioning are core features of schizophrenia and cognitive training techniques have been developed with the aim of improving these impairments. While cognitive training has produced reliable improvements in neurocognition and functioning, little is known about factors that moderate treatment response. Electroencephalographic (EEG) measures provide a neurophysiological indicator of cognitive functions that may moderate treatment outcomes from cognitive training.

Peer victimization through a trauma lens: Identifying who is at risk for negative outcomes.

Peer victimization is a chronic stressor that occurs within the context of peer interactions and has been robustly associated with numerous negative psychological and social adjustment problems. Although increased frequency of peer victimization has been linked to psychosocial problems, few researchers have studied the role of duration and pervasiveness of victimization (i.e.

Mutagen Synergy: Hypermutability Generated by Specific Pairs of Base Analogs.

Unlabelled: We tested pairwise combinations of classical base analog mutagens in Escherichia coli to study possible mutagen synergies. We examined the cytidine analogs zebularine (ZEB) and 5-azacytidine (5AZ), the adenine analog 2-aminopurine (2AP), and the uridine/thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5BrdU). We detected a striking synergy with the 2AP plus ZEB combination, resulting in hypermutability, a 35-fold increase in mutation frequency (to 53,000 × 10(-8)) in the rpoB gene over that with either mutagen alone.

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 sensitizes O6-methylguanine methyltransferase expressing-glioblastoma stem cells to clinically relevant dose of temozolomide.

Background: Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral DNA-alkylating agent used for treating patients with glioblastoma. However, therapeutic benefits of TMZ can be compromised by the expression of O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) in tumor tissue. Here we used MGMT-expressing glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) lines as a model for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying TMZ resistance, while aiming to explore a new treatment strategy designed to possibly overcome resistance to the clinically relevant dose of TMZ (35 μM).

Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus under vancomycin selective pressure: the role of the small-colony variant phenotype.

Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants (SCVs) often persist despite antibiotic therapy. Against a 10(8)-CFU/ml methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (strain COL) population of which 0%, 1%, 10%, 50%, or 100% was an isogenic hemB knockout (Ia48) subpopulation displaying the SCV phenotype, vancomycin achieved maximal reductions of 4.

Macitentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, safety, and efficacy of macitentan.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the terms macitentan and ACT-064992.

Electronic media use and addiction among youth in psychiatric clinic versus school populations.

Objective: Electronic media use is highly prevalent among today's youth, and its overuse in the general population has been consistently associated with the presence of psychiatric symptoms. In contrast, little information exists about electronic media use among youth with psychiatric disorders. Our study aims to compare patterns of television and computer and gaming station use among youth in psychiatric clinic and community-based school populations.

Safety of low doses of quetiapine when used for insomnia.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of low doses of quetiapine when used for insomnia.

Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE (January 1990-November 2011) using the terms quetiapine, insomnia, sleep, low-dose, subtherapeutic, safety, and weight gain.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Two prospective trials were identified that evaluated the effect of quetiapine in primary insomnia.

Unlabeled uses of factor VIIa (recombinant) in pediatric patients.

Purpose: Unlabeled uses of factor VIIa (recombinant) in pediatric patients are reviewed.

Summary: Factor VIIa (recombinant) is currently approved for the treatment and prevention of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A or B and inhibitors of coagulation factors, acquired hemophilia, or congenital factor VII deficiency. Use of this agent has expanded to include unlabeled indications, including bleeding unrelated to coagulation factor deficiencies in infants, children, and adolescents without congenital hemophilia.

Anticholinergic use in children and adolescents after initiation of antipsychotic therapy.

Background: Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are thought to have a lower likelihood of inducing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) than are first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs). Clinical observations suggest that younger patients may be more sensitive to SGA-associated EPS than are adults and require therapy with anticholinergic agents.

Objective: To determine the proportion of patients 5-18 years of age who received anticholinergic therapy during the initial stages of antipsychotic treatment, as well as to compare anticholinergic utilization across patients receiving aripiprazole, risperidone, and quetiapine, SGAs previously identified as the most commonly prescribed at the academic institution studied.