Parent driver characteristics associated with sub-optimal restraint of child passengers.

Objectives: To identify parent driver demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with the use of sub-optimal restraints for child passengers under nine years.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using in-depth, validated telephone interviews with parent drivers in a probability sample of 3,818 vehicle crashes involving 5,146 children. Sub-optimal restraint was defined as use of forward-facing child safety seats for infants under one or weighing under 20 lbs, and any seat-belt use for children under 9.

Child passenger injury risk in motor vehicle crashes: a comparison of nighttime and daytime driving by teenage and adult drivers.

Introduction: To examine the association between child passenger injury risk, restraint use, and crash time (day vs. night) for children in crashes of vehicles driven by teenage versus adult drivers.

Methods: Cross-sectional study involving telephone interviews with insured drivers in a probability sample of 6,184 crashes involving 10,028 children.

Effect of increased rear row occupancy on injury to seat belt restrained children in side impact crashes.

Previous work identified a similar risk of injury for children seated on the struck side and center rear in side impact crashes in passenger cars. In order to further explain this finding, we investigated the effect of sharing the rear row with other occupants on injury risk and delineated differences in injury patterns among the seat positions. These analyses, conducted from a large child specific crash surveillance system, included: children 4-15 years old, rear seated, seat belt restrained, in a passenger car, and in a side impact crash.

Concordance of reports of mental health functioning by adolescents and their caregivers: a comparison of European, African and Latino Americans.

The purpose of this study was to examine the concordance of parental and adolescent reports of adolescents having emotional and behavioral problems. Data were collected from youths (age 11-17) and adult caregivers from a community-based sample of households. The sample consisted of 4175 youths and their caregivers (37.

Mental health problems of adolescents as reported by their caregivers: a comparison of European, African, and Latino Americans.

This article examines problem recognition across ethnic groups by focusing on parental reports of mental health problems in adolescents. Data were collected from 1 youth (aged 11-17) and 1 caregiver from a community-based sample of households in the Houston metropolitan area. The sample was 4175 youths and their caregivers (37.

Recent trends in child restraint practices in the United States.

Objective: To assess the success of recent outreach activities to promote appropriate child restraint in motor vehicles by examining trends in restraint types used by children under age 9 in 3 large regions of the United States.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted of children who were under age 9 and in crashes of insured vehicles in 15 states, with data collected via insurance claims records and a telephone survey. A probability sample of 8730 crashes involving 10,195 children, representing 128 291 crashes involving 149,820 children, was collected between December 1, 1998, and November 30, 2002.

Acute healthcare utilization by children after motor vehicle crashes.

This study, describing the overall patterns of acute healthcare resource utilization by child crash victims (age 15 years and younger), was conducted between 28 July 1999 and 30 November 2000 as part of an on-going large-scale, child-specific crash surveillance system, Partners for Child Passenger Safety: insurance claims from 15 states and the District of Columbia function as the source of subjects, with telephone survey and on-site crash investigations serving as the primary sources of data. A probability sample of 4862 eligible crashes with 7368 child occupants formed the study sample. Our results suggest that for every 1000 children involved in crashes, 3 are hospitalized; 108 are treated and released from an emergency department (ED); 48 are evaluated in a physician's office, urgent care center, or other facility; and 841 receive no care at all.

Shifts in child restraint use according to child weight in the United States from 1999 to 2002.

From 1999 to 2002, 32% fewer US children between 9 and 36.4 kg (20-80 lb) were restrained inappropriately in seat belts and the most prevalent form of restraint shifted from seat belts to child restraints with harnesses. There was a significant increase in the use of combination child restraint/booster seats with harnesses by children 9.

Impact of insomnia on future functioning of adolescents.

Objective: To examine the impact of insomnia among adolescents on somatic, interpersonal, and psychological functioning using data from a two-wave, prospective study.

Methods: Subjects were adolescents 11-17 years of age sampled from managed care enrollment rosters in the United States. The baseline sample was 4175 and the follow-up sample a year later was 3136.