Combine Surgery and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in Endometriosis-Related Infertility: When and Why.

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Infertility arises mainly due to inflammatory mediators in the peritoneal fluid, contributing to local hypoestrogenism, which appears to exacerbate chronic inflammation and sensitize pelvic nerves. Local hypoestrogenism within endometriotic lesions contrasts with the systemic estrogen-dependent nature of the disease.

Ultrasonographic Features of the Fallopian Tubes: An Overview on Main Tubal Pathologies.

Fallopian tubes are not usually visible on a transvaginal pelvic scan unless pelvic fluid or pathological processes are present. Depending on the underlying pathological process, they may exhibit different wall thicknesses, grades of vascularization, and variable echogenicity. Recognizing the affected tube and assessing the possible underlying process is of primary importance in clinical practice, as pathological tubes may represent benign pathologies, oncological state, or life-threatening conditions requiring different treatment to preserve fertility.

Adenomyosis and Adolescence: A Challenging Diagnosis and Complex Management.

Adenomyosis is a chronic, hormone-related disease characterized by the presence of the endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This condition can manifest in various features, focal or diffuse adenomyosis or as an adenomyoma, and it may involve different uterine walls (posterior, anterior, and/or lateral walls). The disease can also be classified into different degrees, as mild, moderate and severe, which can be associated with more intense symptoms, although this correlation is not always directly proportional.

Tailoring the Diagnostic Pathway for Medical and Surgical Treatment of Uterine Fibroids: A Narrative Review.

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine tumors in women and are often asymptomatic, with clinical manifestation occurring in 20-25% of cases. The diagnostic pathway begins with clinical suspicion and includes an ultrasound examination, diagnostic hysteroscopy, and, when deemed necessary, magnetic resonance imaging. The decision-making process should consider the impairment of quality of life due to symptoms, reproductive desire, suspicion of malignancy, and, of course, the woman's preferences.

Tubal Cancer Clinical Management: Two Exceptional Scenarios and a Review of the Literature.

This article provides a literature review on tubal carcinoma to offer an updated insight into its preventative strategies, diagnosis, treatment and oncological surveillance. In addition to the search string utilized, the authors' focus extended to key scientific studies, consensus statements, guidelines and relevant case reports essential for the proper clinical management of the disease, providing a methodologically well-structured literature review combined with practical expertise in the oncological field. This article also includes two special clinical cases that emphasize the importance of understanding the physiopathology and the current state of the art in the anatomopathological advancements in tubal/ovarian/peritoneal carcinoma, often assimilated into a single clinical entity and to which many of the concepts extracted from the literature can apply.

Endometriosis of the appendix: prevalence, associated lesions, and proposal of pathogenetic hypotheses. A retrospective cohort study with prospectively collected data.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of endometriosis of the appendix and the association with other pelvic localizations of the disease and to provide pathogenesis hypotheses.

Methods: Monocentric, observational, retrospective, cohort study. Patients undergoing laparoscopic endometriosis surgery in our tertiary referral center were consecutively enrolled.

Type and Location of Adenomyosis in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Transvaginal Ultrasonographic Assessment.

The current knowledge on adenomyosis as a risk factor for RPL is very scant. Overall 120 women were included in this retrospective observational study. They were divided in three groups each of which consisted of 40 subjects: Group 1: women with RPL who were diagnosed to have adenomyosis on transvaginal ultrasound (TVS); Group 2: patients with RPL without ultrasonographic findings of adenomyosis; Group 3: patients with ultrasound diagnosis of adenomyosis without RPL and at least one live birth pregnancy.

Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis in Adolescence: Early Diagnosis and Possible Prevention of Disease Progression.

Endometriosis has a prevalence of 10% worldwide in premenopausal women. Probably, endometriosis begins early in the life of young girls, and it is commonly diagnosed later in life. The prevalence of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) in adolescence is currently unknown due to diagnostic limits and underestimation of clinical symptoms.

New blood pressure cut off for preeclampsia definition: 130/80 mmHg.

The classical diagnosis of preeclampsia is usually based on the fulfillment of 3 criteria: pregnancy > 20 weeks of gestation, proteinuria (2+ on dipstick or > 300 mg/24 h) and arterial hypertension ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. The current blood pressure cut off of 140/90 mm Hg was set by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG)-issued practice bulletin of 2019, the 2013 Task Force and the guidelines prompted by the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). The evidence on which the current cut-off is based is scarce and not updated.

Influence of assisted reproductive technologies on maternal and neonatal outcomes in early preterm deliveries.

Introduction: Compared to spontaneous conception (SC), pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) carry worse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Evidences focused on preterm births are limited. Early preterm delivery is a critical situation for medical management and parental counselling.