Conservative Management of Gestational Hypercalcemia Due to Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Lack of Complications.

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is rare in pregnancy. PHPT and hypercalcemia are associated with negative maternofetal outcomes. Therefore, an early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential.

Relatively high rate of postpartum thyroiditis in the Straits of Messina area. Predictivity of both postpartum thyroiditis and permanent hypothyroidism by performing, in the first trimester of gestation, thyroid ultrasonography and measurement of serum thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin autoantibodies.

The prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) averages 5%, with a range from 1% (Thailand) to 22% (Wales, UK, and Liguria, Italy), but 3.6% in another Italian region (Puglia). Evolution of PPT into permanent hypothyroidism (PH) occurs in approximately 50% of cases.

Circulating thyrotropin is upregulated by estradiol.

After encountering two women with serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels greater in periovulatory phase than in other days of the menstrual cycle, we hypothesized that TSH levels could be sensitive to changes in circulating estrogens in women. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether serum TSH increases after an induced acute increase of serum estradiol, and compare serum TSH increase with that of prolactin (PRL) which is a classic estradiol-upregulated pituitary hormone. In this retrospective study, we resorted to stored frozen sera from 55 women who had undergone the GnRH agonist (buserelin)-acute stimulation test of ovarian steroidogenesis.

Effects of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on menstrual irregularity, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine cause of menstrual irregularities, hirsutism and acne. Women with PCOS present elevated plasma insulin levels, both fasting and after a glucose load, as an indirect evidence of insulin resistance. PCOS women may also present hypertension, low levels of HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, visceral obesity and a higher level of CRP and fibrinogen that can predict an atherosclerotic risk.

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: a rare case of disorder of sex development.

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) could be considered as a disease that causes resistance to androgens actions, influencing both the morphogenesis and differentiation of the body structures, and systems in which this hormone exerts its effects. It depends on an X-linked mutations in the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene that express a variety of phenotypes ranging from male infertility to completely normal female external genitalia. The clinical phenotypes of AIS could vary and be classified into three categories, as complete (CAIS), partial (PAIS), and mild (MAIS) forms, according to the severity of androgen resistance.

Dysregulation of the Fas/FasL system in mononuclear cells recovered from peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis.

In endometriosis, regurgitating endometrial cells fail to undergo apoptosis and implant themselves outside the uterus, particularly in the peritoneum. We studied Fas and FasL behaviour by evaluating the percentages of mFas and mFasL-bearing mononuclear cells from peritoneal fluid, the level of Fas and FasL gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels in the same cells, and the sFas and sFasL values in peritoneal fluid of 80 endometriotic women, at four stages of disease severity. We found no variation in percentage of mFas-bearing mononuclear cells; high and unchanging levels of Fas mRNA and protein, and high and invariable sFas values.