The Light Switch and the Dimmer: Qualitative Observations to Improve Diagnostic Lacrimal Irrigation.

Purpose: To emphasise the importance of "soft" observations during lacrimal irrigation in diagnosing lacrimal outflow dysfunction and reporting outcomes of soft factors post-DCR.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with ≤ 20% of regurgitation on lacrimal irrigation who underwent DCR surgery. A comparative analysis of percentage reflux of saline (RFX), initial mucus in reflux (IMR), patient-reported transit time of saline (PR-TTS), and resistance encountered (RES) during LS was performed.

Focal reactive nodular gliosis: an extremely rare retinal astrocytic tumor.

Focal reactive nodular gliosis (FRNG) is an extremely rare benign retinal reactive astrocytic tumor that results from the proliferation of well-differentiated glial cells secondary to a variety of retinal conditions. We describe a case of this tumor in a 64-year-old male in association with a chorioretinal scar he has had since childhood. The symptom was sudden painful vision loss.

Lateral eyelid island flap for reconstruction of large central and medial full-thickness defects of the lower eyelid.

Introduction: To report our experience with lateral eyelid island flaps for reconstruction of large central and medial full-thickness defects of lower eyelid.

Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with large central and medial full-thickness lower lid defects repaired with medial transposition of the lateral lower lid combined with a temporal myocutaneous flap. Preoperatively the authors collected demographic data, etiology and percentage of the defects.

Orbital neuromuscular choristoma of the ophthalmic nerve.

Introduction: Neuromuscular choristoma (NC) is a rare tumor composed of striated muscle fibers admixed with nerve fibers that often affects large peripheral nerve trunks in children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of a NC of the ophthalmic nerve in an adult.

Case Description: A 27-year-old woman presented with a 20-day history of left periorbital headache radiating to the frontotemporal region, with associated tearing, nausea, and vomiting.