Microwave Synthesis of Poly(Acrylic) Acid-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as Draw Solutes in Forward Osmosis.

Polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@PAA) were synthesized and evaluated as draw solutes in the forward osmosis (FO) process. MNP@PAA were synthesized by microwave irradiation and chemical co-precipitation from aqueous solutions of Fe and Fe salts. The results showed that the synthesized MNPs have spherical shapes of maghemite FeO and superparamagnetic properties, which allow draw solution (DS) recovery using an external magnetic field.

Superparamagnetic FeO@CA Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Draw Solution Agents in Forward Osmosis.

In this study, citric acid (CA)-coated magnetite FeO magnetic nanoparticles (FeO@CA MNPs) for use as draw solution (DS) agents in forward osmosis (FO) were synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic measurements. Prepared 3.7% / colloidal solutions of FeO@CA MNPs exhibited an osmotic pressure of 18.

Forward osmosis: dyeing draw solutions for water reclamation from feed water resources.

Reactive Black 5 and Basic Blue 41 GRL dyeing solutions (dye-to-salt mixture in a 1:10 dye-to-salt mass ratio) were investigated as draw solutions (DS) in a forward osmosis (FO) system with a biomimetic membrane. Synthetic seawater (SSW) and textile wastewater (TWW1 and TWW2) were evaluated as feed solutions (FS) for water reclamation. Reactive Black 5 and Basic Blue 41 GRL were diluted from 0.

Synthesis of Poly-Sodium-Acrylate (PSA)-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Use in Forward Osmosis Draw Solutions.

The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with hydrophilic poly-sodium-acrylate (PSA) ligands was studied to assess PSA-MNP complexes as draw solution (DS) solutes in forward osmosis (FO). For MNP-based DS, the surface modification and the size of the MNPs are two crucial factors to achieve a high osmolality. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NP) with functional groups attached may represent the ideal DS where chemical modifications of the NPs can be used in optimizing the DS osmolality and the magnetic properties allows for efficient recovery (DS re-concentration) using an external magnetic field.

Forward Osmosis in Wastewater Treatment Processes.

In recent years, membrane technology has been widely used in wastewater treatment and water purification. Membrane technology is simple to operate and produces very high quality water for human consumption and industrial purposes. One of the promising technologies for water and wastewater treatment is the application of forward osmosis.

Removal Efficiency of COD, Total P and Total N Components from Municipal Wastewater using Hollow-fibre MBR.

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) integrates well within the conventionally activated sludge system regarding advanced membrane separation for wastewater treatment. Over the last decade, a number of MBR systems have been constructed worldwide and this system is now accepted as a technology of choice for wastewater treatment especially for municipal wastewater. The aim of this work was to investigate and compare submerged MBR with conventionally-activated sludge system for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Maribor, Slovenia.

Zeta potential determination of polymeric materials using two differently designed measuring cells of an electrokinetic analyzer.

The so-called zeta potential can be determined through electrokinetic measurements and indicates the status regarding surface charges along the interface between solids and liquids. Surface charge gives us information about the condition, quality, and characteristics of a macroscopic surface in the polar medium. In our study the zeta potential was determined using a "SurPASS" electrokinetic analyzer based on the streaming current and streaming potential measurements.

Comparison between nitrate and pesticide removal from ground water using adsorbents and NF and RO membranes.

An investigation was carried out regarding the removal of pollutants such as nitrate and pesticides (atrazine, deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine) from actual ground water samples obtained in Slovenia, by the use of two new adsorption resins, one derived from styrenedivinylbenzene and one from polystyrene, and commercial nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. Atrazine and deethylatrazine were also bound to the activated carbon. Despite the different technologies applied, the effort was directed towards simultaneous removal of the above-mentioned pollutants.