Anticoagulation in chronic kidney disease patients-the practical aspects.

There is an increasing awareness about the risks of arterial and venous thromboembolism (TE) in hospital patients and general public which has led to consideration of thrombosis prevention measures in earnest. Early recognition of the symptoms of TE disease has led to timely administration of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, translating to better outcome in many of these patients. In this respect, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a special group.

Lanthanum carbonate for hyperphosphatemia in patients with advanced CKD and patients receiving dialysis.

Reduced renal excretion of phosphate leads to hyperphosphatemia, which is prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Dialysis alone is unable to adequately remove the ingested phosphate contained in food. It is therefore usually necessary to supplement food with drugs that reduce the intestinal absorption of dietary phosphate in order to control serum phosphate.