Artifacts and unassigned masses encountered in peptide mass mapping.

In peptide mass mapping of isolated proteins, a significant number of the observed mass spectral peaks are often uninterpreted. These peaks derive from a number of sources: errors in the genome that give rise to incorrect peptide mass predictions, undocumented post-translational modifications, sample handling-induced modifications, contaminants in the sample, non-standard protein cleavage sites, and non-protein components of the sample. In a study of the stalk organelle of Caulobacter crescentus, roughly one-third (782/2215) of all observed masses could not be assigned to the proteins identified in the gel spots (Karty et al.

Violence risk and protective factors among youth held back in school.

Objective: To identify risk and protective factors for violence perpetration among youth with a history of grade retention.

Design: Longitudinal analysis of in-home interviews of 13,781 adolescents in grades 7 through 12 conducted in 1995 and 1996.

Methods And Measures: Serious interpersonal violence perpetration at time 2 by time 1 independent variables including measures of community and school context, family context, and individual characteristics.

Familial correlates of extreme weight control behaviors among adolescents.

Objective: To identify familial factors associated with extreme weight control among adolescents.

Method: Analysis of a comprehensive 1996 health survey of Connecticut students. Familial factors among extreme dieters who deliberately vomited, took diet pills, laxatives, or diuretics were compared with youth reporting none of these behaviors, using logistic regression controlling for age and body mass index.

Oestrogen receptor transcripts associated with cervical human papillomavirus infection.

Objective: Studies have been inconsistent in establishing sex steroids as a risk factor for human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. This study was designed to determine whether cervical oestrogen receptors (as measured by oestrogen receptor transcripts) at the cervix would be associated with cervical HPV infections.

Methods: In 175 women, ages 14-44, we tested for the presence of HPV DNA and oestrogen receptors transcripts at the cervix during routine pelvic examinations.

Parental screening for intimate partner violence by pediatricians and family physicians.

Objective: To ascertain and compare the knowledge, practices, and training needs of pediatricians and family physicians regarding intimate partner violence screening and intervention.

Methods: Surveys were mailed to national random samples of 1350 pediatricians and 650 family physicians evenly divided between senior residents, practitioners completing their residency training within the last 5 years, and practitioners completing their training >5 years ago.

Results: The overall response rate was 37% (41% for pediatricians, 30% for family physicians).

Proteomic analysis of the Caulobacter crescentus stalk indicates competence for nutrient uptake.

Caulobacter crescentus, a Gram-negative alpha-purple proteobacterium, is an oligotroph that lives in aquatic environments dilute in nutrients. This bacterium divides asymmetrically. Part of this asymmetric cell division involves the formation of a prosthecum at one pole, referred to as the stalk, which replaces the flagellum of the motile swarmer cell.

Prevalence and risk and protective factors related to disordered eating behaviors among adolescents: relationship to gender and ethnicity.

Purpose: To examine the current prevalence of disordered eating behaviors in a large sample of adolescents, by gender and ethnicity, and to identify gender and ethnic-specific risk and protective factors.

Methods: The study population included 81,247 9th- and 12th-graders who completed the 1998 Minnesota Student Survey, a self-report, school-based survey which included questions about disordered eating behaviors and a variety of psychosocial characteristics.

Results: Fifty-six percent of 9th-grade females and 28% of 9th-grade males report disordered eating behaviors (i.

Unhealthy behaviors and psychosocial difficulties among overweight adolescents: the potential impact of familial factors.

Purpose: To compare overweight and non-overweight youth on a selection of self-reported eating, physical activity, dieting, educational, and emotional variables and identify familial factors that serve as protective forces against unhealthy behaviors and psychosocial difficulties among overweight adolescents.

Methods: Data were taken from a 1996 cross-sectional school-based survey of 9957 adolescents in grades 7, 9, and 11. Based on self-reported heights and weights, respondents were categorized as "overweight" (body mass index) > or =85th percentile or "non-overweight.

Contribution of cholinergic systems to state-dependent modulation of respiratory control.

Respiration is altered during different stages of the sleep-wake cycle. We review the contribution of cholinergic systems to this alteration, with particular reference to the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MAchRs) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Available evidence demonstrates that MAchRs have potent excitatory effects on medullary respiratory neurones and respiratory motoneurones, and are likely to contribute to changes in central chemosensitive drive to the respiratory control system.

Arthroscopically assisted reduction and fixation of a juvenile Tillaux fracture.

This is the first report of arthroscopically assisted reduction and fixation of a juvenile Tillaux fracture. Arthroscopic visualization assisted with the anatomic reduction of the articular fragment. This adds arthroscopy as a modality available to help obtain accurate reduction as well as understand the nature of the fracture pattern in juvenile Tillaux fractures along with its adult counterpart and other intra-articular fractures.

Acute effects of the Protonics system on patellofemoral alignment: an MRI study.

This study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether changes in patellofemoral alignment occur after initial treatment with the Protonics exercise device. The first scan was obtained before the device was used. After performing a set of exercises with no resistance on the device the device was removed, and a second scan was obtained.

A radiographic analysis of the relationship between the size and shape of the intercondylar notch and anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Notch-view radiographs were obtained from 108 persons with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (55 women, 53 men) and 186 with intact ACL (94 women, 92 men). Notch width, femur width, and notch width index were determined from each of the 294 radiographs. The notch was also categorized as either A-shaped or non-A-shaped.

Heat shock proteins of chicken lens.

The presence of heat shock proteins HSP-40, HSP-70, and HSc-70 in adult and embryonic chicken lenses were determined. The epithelium, cortex, and nucleus of adult chicken lens were separated and tested for the presence of heat shock proteins (hsps) by western blot, using specific antibodies for HSP-40, HSP-70, and HSc-70. Water soluble (WSF) and water insoluble fractions (WIF) of embryonic chicken lenses were isolated and tested for the presence of HSP-40, HSP-70, and HSc-70 by immunoblot.

Health-risk behaviors and protective factors among adolescents with mobility impairments and learning and emotional disabilities.

Purpose: To identify the risk involvement of three groups of young people with disabilities relative to a comparison group: mobility impairments, learning disabilities, and emotional disabilities. Protective factors are explored to identify which individual, family, and school factors are associated with diminished risk.

Methods: Analyses are based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of 20,780 seventh- through 12(th)-grade youth in the United States.

Impact of donor type on outcome of bone marrow transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: collaborative study of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry and the National Marrow Donor Program.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation is an effective treatment for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. However, most children with this disease lack such donors and many patients receive transplants from alternative donors. This study compared outcomes of HLA-identical sibling, other related donor, and unrelated donor transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Childhood asthma: can computers aid detection in general practice?

Background: Childhood asthma remains underdiagnosed in general practice. Computers with a patient interface have the potential to screen children for asthma in a time-efficient manner.

Aim: To develop a concise, validated self-report measure that calculates an 'asthma score' that predicts likelihood of asthma and its severity in childhood.

A role for endogenous TGFalpha and associated signaling pathways in the differentiation of lens fiber cells.

TGFalpha is hypothesized to be an endogenous regulator of lens fiber terminal differentiation. With immunofluorescence, TGFalpha was localized to differentiating cells in the lens epithelium and superficial fiber cell mass of the adult chicken. A similar pattern of localization was also noted when differentiating epithelial cells were cultured.

Development of adolescent self-report measures from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

Purpose: To present a set of multi-item indicators and associated reliability estimates derived from early research with survey data from adolescents participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health).

Methods: Add Health provides information on the health and health-related behaviors of a nationally representative sample of U.S.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a hydraulic-pneumatic band.

Improved blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been shown to enhance survival from cardiac arrest. Chest compression with a circumferential pneumatic vest enhances blood flow, but the size, weight, and energy consumption of the inflation system limit its portability and, thereby, have made clinical studies difficult. The purpose of this investigation was to study an improved circumferential chest compression device that uses a constricting band that is pneumatically actuated.

Adolescents with learning disabilities: risk and protective factors associated with emotional well-being: findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

Purpose: To identify differences in emotional well-being among adolescents with and without learning disabilities and to identify risk and protective factors associated with emotional distress.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of adolescent in-home interview data of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. A total of 20,780 adolescents were included in this study of whom 1,301 were identified as having a learning disability.

Accuracy of patients' recall of Pap and cholesterol screening.

Objectives: This study was undertaken in mid-1994 and assessed how accurately patients recall the recency and result of their most recent cholesterol and Papanicolaou (Pap) tests.

Methods: A cross-sectional, door-to-door community survey was used to gather self-report and, subsequently, pathology laboratory data for 195 individuals.

Results: In regard to cholesterol screening, 30% of individuals who reported being adequately screened were actually inadequately screened, 45% who reported normal cholesterol levels actually had elevated levels, and 21% of inadequately screened individuals and 56% of individuals with elevated levels were not identified by self-report.