Bronchiolitis: Impact of Age and Etiology on Morbidity and Mortality in Previously Healthy Critically Ill Children.

This retrospective, multicenter observational study analyzed data from 257 children under 2 years old admitted with viral bronchiolitis to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) at Wolfson Children's Hospital and UFHealth Shands Children's Hospital from January 2020 to March 2022. The study explores viral etiologies and their associations with hospital length of stay (H-LOS), PICU length of stay (P-LOS), and severity markers and scores. Younger age was associated with longer H-LOS and P-LOS ( < .

Safety of Extended Propofol Infusions in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients.

Introduction Propofol is a phenol agent with sedative and anesthetic properties that has been in use for decades, but with controversy in critically ill pediatric patients, given the concern for developing propofol-related infusion syndrome (PRIS). Our aim was to assess the risk of propofol infusions in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at doses and durations greater than the described safety data and its associated covariables. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of 173 patients receiving propofol in the PICU.

Incidence of Air Leak Syndrome in Pediatric Patients With SARS-COV-2 Pneumonia and Respiratory Failure: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Air leak syndrome (ALS) is defined as the extrusion of air from an aerated compartment into an unaerated compartment with associated symptoms of respiratory distress. This syndrome can occur as a consequence of trauma, iatrogenic causes, or spontaneously. Retrospective investigations conducted in the adult population have demonstrated an elevated risk of spontaneous ALS development in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, along with its correlation with mortality.

Multicentric validation of a prognostic tool for predicting brain death following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children.

Aim: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in pediatric patients is associated with high rates of mortality and neurologic injury, with no definitive evidence-based method to predict outcomes available. A prognostic scoring tool for adults, The Brain Death After Cardiac Arrest (BDCA) score, was recently developed and validated. We aimed to validate this score in pediatric patients.

Magnesium sulfate infusion for acute asthma in the emergency department.

Objectives: To describe the role of intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO) as therapy for acute severe asthma in the pediatric emergency department (ED).

Source: Publications were searched in the PubMed and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: magnesium AND asthma AND children AND clinical trial. A total of 53 publications were retrieved using this criteria.

American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Parameters for Hemodynamic Support of Pediatric and Neonatal Septic Shock.

Objectives: The American College of Critical Care Medicine provided 2002 and 2007 guidelines for hemodynamic support of newborn and pediatric septic shock. Provide the 2014 update of the 2007 American College of Critical Care Medicine "Clinical Guidelines for Hemodynamic Support of Neonates and Children with Septic Shock."

Design: Society of Critical Care Medicine members were identified from general solicitation at Society of Critical Care Medicine Educational and Scientific Symposia (2006-2014).

Comparison of Two High-Dose Magnesium Infusion Regimens in the Treatment of Status Asthmaticus.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility and safety of a simplified high-dose magnesium sulfate infusion (sHDMI) for the treatment of status asthmaticus.

Methods: We retrospectively compared 2 different high-dose magnesium sulfate infusion regimens, as adjunctive treatment in status asthmatics, using data that were preciously collected. The initial high-dose, prolonged magnesium infusion (HDMI) regimen consisted of a loading dose of 75 mg/kg (weight ≤ 30 kg) or 50 mg/kg (weight > 30 kg) over a period of 30 to 45 minutes followed by a continuous infusion of 40 mg/kg/hr for an additional 4 hours.

High-Dose Magnesium Sulfate Infusion for Severe Asthma in the Emergency Department: Efficacy Study.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a high-dose prolonged magnesium sulfate infusion in patients with severe, noninfectious-mediated asthma.

Design: Prospective, randomized, open-label study.

Setting: Twenty-nine-bed pediatric emergency department located in a children's hospital in Asuncion, Paraguay.

Bedside Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Assessment in the Identification of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Suspected Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Objective: We determined whether the bedside assessment of the optic nerve sheath diameter could identify elevated intracranial pressure in individuals with suspected idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, rater-blinded study performed in a freestanding pediatric teaching hospital. Patients aged 12 to 18 years scheduled for an elective lumbar puncture with the suspicion of idiopathic intracranial hypertension were eligible to participate.

High-dose magnesium sulfate infusion protocol for status asthmaticus: a safety and pharmacokinetics cohort study.

Purpose: To assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of high-dose magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) infusion in pediatric patients with status asthmaticus.

Methods: A prospective cohort study within a 20-bed pediatric intensive care unit in an academic community hospital. Patients 2-18 years of age admitted with status asthmaticus between 10/2009 and 8/2010 were included in the study.

Feasibility of short-term infusion of magnesium sulfate in pediatric patients with status asthmaticus.

Objective: This report describes the feasibility of high-dose magnesium sulfate infusion in pediatric patients with status asthmaticus.

Methods: Retrospective chart review over a 3-year period of all patients younger than 18 years of age with status asthmaticus who underwent a high-dose magnesium sulfate infusion for 4 hours. All patients were breathing spontaneously but were refractory to conventional therapy.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis: a case report and literature review.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but nearly always fatal disease caused by infection with Naegleria fowleri, a thermophilic, free-living ameba found in freshwater environments. Cases of N. fowleri infection have been reported from many of the southern-tier states in the United States, with Florida and Texas disproportionately represented among them.

Hyperacute therapies for childhood stroke: a case report and review of the literature.

Objective. The optimal management of pediatric patients with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is not known. Despite this, goal-oriented, time-sensitive therapies geared to rapid reestablishment of arterial blood flow are occasionally applied with beneficial effects.

Learner's evaluation in paediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: To compare post-paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) rotation performance of paediatric residents (PGY-2) and emergency residents (PGY-2) on an online test developed by the subcommittee of the paediatric section of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. Also, to compare residents' performance with that of physician extenders.

Design And Settings: A single centre, longitudinal, retrospective, quality improvement data review in a tertiary care, 20-bed PICU.

Fulminant pertussis: a multi-center study with new insights into the clinico-pathological mechanisms.

Pertussis carries a high risk of mortality in very young infants. The mechanism of refractory cardio-respiratory failure is complex and not clearly delineated. We aimed to examine the clinico-pathological features and suggest how they may be related to outcome, by multi-center review of clinical records and post-mortem findings of 10 patients with fulminant pertussis (FP).

Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock: 2007 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine.

Background: The Institute of Medicine calls for the use of clinical guidelines and practice parameters to promote "best practices" and to improve patient outcomes.

Objective: 2007 update of the 2002 American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Guidelines for Hemodynamic Support of Neonates and Children with Septic Shock.

Participants: Society of Critical Care Medicine members with special interest in neonatal and pediatric septic shock were identified from general solicitation at the Society of Critical Care Medicine Educational and Scientific Symposia (2001-2006).

Caspases inhibition decreases neurological sequelae in meningitis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sustained caspase inhibition during the acute phase of meningitis-induced brain injury. Changes in neurobehavioral performance were the primary outcome variables.

Design: Randomized prospective animal study.

Pharmacologic support of infants and children in septic shock.

Objectives: Septic shock (SS) is a frequent cause for admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, requiring prompt recognition and intervention to improve outcome. Our aim is to review the relevant literature related to the diagnosis and management of SS and present a sequential management for its treatment.

Sources: Non-systematic review of medical literature using the MEDLINE database.

Dexamethasone decreases neurological sequelae and caspase activity.

Objective: To evaluate the use of dexamethasone in a model of meningitis-induced brain injury. Changes in neurobehavioral performance were the primary outcome variables. Changes in caspase activation and markers of neuronal injury were the secondary outcome variables.

Amrinone in pediatric refractory septic shock: An open-label pharmacodynamic study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term hemodynamic effects of amrinone in pediatric patients with refractory septic shock. DESIGN: Open-label, clinical trial. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit.

Modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB activation and decreased markers of neurological injury associated with hypothermic therapy in experimental bacterial meningitis.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the use of moderate hypothermia in a model of meningitis-induced brain injury and its effect on the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, biological markers of neuronal injury, and neurobehavioral performance.

Design: Randomized, prospective animal study.

Setting: University research laboratory.