Host and Viral Factors Influencing Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Across Three Generations in a Family.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is influenced by both virological and host factors. A total of 5,920 CHB patients were classified into four groups based on HBV seromarkers: three-generation families (CHB grandmother, mother, and child), two-generation families (CHB mother/child pairs), individuals recovered from HBV infection, and a control group. Serological markers, viral load, liver function tests (LFT), HBV mutations, HLA-DQ variations, cytokine polymorphisms, and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) were analyzed using FibroScan.

Evaluating the Association between Anemia and the Severity of Liver Disease in Children with Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study from 2015 to 2020.

Purpose: Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of hospital admission and mortality among children. Understanding the factors that influence disease severity is essential for preventing and reducing mortality. This study explored the association between hemoglobin levels and liver disease severity in children with cirrhosis.

Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency among the fulminant hepatitis A virus infection patients.

Background: Hepatitis A is a widespread viral infection with significant public health implications. Assessing glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in hepatitis A patients is essential for various reasons, including prognosis, disease severity evaluation, encephalopathy risk identification, tailored management, and advancing scientific understanding. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of G6PD impairment in individuals with fulminant hepatitis A.

Clinical Findings, Bacterial Agents, and Antibiotic Resistance in Children with Spontaneous Peritonitis in Southern Iran: An Academic Tertiary Referral Center's Experience.

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a fatal complication of ascites fluid infection. The causes of SBP in children differ from those in adults, and these bacteria are frequently resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated the clinical findings, bacterial etiology, and antimicrobial resistance in children with SBP.

Rectal versus intravenous administration of acetaminophen; Clinical investigation of plasma level, analgesic, and antipyretic effects on 6-month to 6-year-old children in Zabol city, Iran.

Objectives: Acetaminophen is the most widely antipyretic analgesic medicine used in adults and children worldwide. Rectal acetaminophen is widely used in children who resist or cannot take oral medications. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of rectal and IV acetaminophen in children with fever and mild to moderate pain.

A Comparison of the Effect of Kegel Exercises and Conventional Therapy versus Conventional Therapy Alone in the Treatment of Functional Constipation in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: There have been few studies on the effect of Kegel exercises on the treatment of functional constipation in children. Hence, the present study investigated the add-on role of Kegel exercises in children with functional constipation.

Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on children with functional constipation, according to Rome IV, who were referred to the pediatric department of Imam Reza Clinic (Shiraz, Iran) in 2022.

Evaluation of Liver Enzymes in Normal Pregnancies in a University Hospital of Zabol Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Changes in endocrine, nervous, renal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems during pregnancy have been studied, but changes in liver function have been poorly studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in liver enzymes in normal pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 68 pregnant women who were referred to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Amiral Momenin Hospital in Zabol in 2021.

Prevalence of Colonic Polyps Detected by Colonoscopy in Symptomatic Patients and Comparison Between Different Age Groups. What Age Should be Considered for Investigation?

<b>Introduction:</b> The Burden of Colorectal cancer (CRC) as one of the most common malignancies is considerable worldwide, with 1.8 million diagnoses each year. Although it is well established that most CRCs arise from colonic polyps, guidelines and recommendations indicate different ages as starting points for endoscopic examination of the colon, either as cancer screening programs or in symptomatic patients.

Recipient-associated risk factors for post-liver transplantation biliary complications: A cohort study.

Introduction: Biliary complications (BCs) are a well-documented post-liver transplantation concern with potential implications for patient survival. This study aims at identifying risk factors associated with the development of BCs in recipients after liver transplantation (LT) and exploring strategies for their management.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1595 adult patients (age > 18 years) who underwent LT surgery between 2019 and 2021.

Predictive Score for Early Successful Tracheal Extubation After Liver Transplant: A Case-Control Study.

Objectives: Prolonged tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation after liver transplant increase postoperative complications. Hence, timely extubation should be considered; however, a standard clinical criteria set or scoring system to select patients has not been established for early extubation after livertransplant.We investigated the factors that affect early extubation to design a predictive scoring system for early extubation.

Evaluation of Outcomes and Complications of Large Volume Paracentesis without Albumin and Coagulopathy Therapy in Pediatrics with Severe Ascites.

Background: Large-volume paracentesis has become the first treatment choice for patients with severe and refractory ascites. The studies have reported several complications after therapeutic paracentesis. But there are few published data on the complications with or without Albumin therapy.

Mutations in the S gene of hepatitis B virus in three generations of patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Failure to neutralize HBsAg and subsequent escape from the host immune system may be caused by HBsAg mutations, particularly in the "a" determinant, which alters the antigenicity of the protein. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of S gene mutations in three generations of HBV cases in northeastern Iran. In this study, 90 patients with chronic HBV were assigned to three groups according to the inclusion criteria.

Non-invasive monitoring associated with B lymphoma cells in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) patients: Systematic review.

Background: One of the most severe side effects of solid-organ transplantation is posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). People with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), an immunosuppressive disease comparable to HIV, have a higher chance of developing lymphoma when their peripheral blood contains elevated levels of the immunoglobulins kappa and lambda free light chains (FLCs).

Methods: This systematic review's objective was to monitor associated B lymphoma cells in PTLD patients.

Questioning Diagnostic Value of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 for Biliary Atresia.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) has been suggested as a promising biomarker in diagnosing biliary atresia (BA). This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serum MMP7 in BA in the Middle Eastern population.

Methods And Materials: In this cross-sectional study, neonates and infants with direct hyperbilirubinemia admitted to Namazi referral hospital, Shiraz, Iran, were studied.

Association of HLADQ-B1 polymorphisms in three generations of chronic hepatitis B patients.

The presence of polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 gene, along with its expression, has been demonstrated to be correlated with spontaneous clearance and susceptibility to HBV infection. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible role of genetic polymorphisms in HLA-DQB1 in three generations of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Based on the inclusion criteria, 90 CHB patients, 18 individuals recovered from HBV infection, and 40 healthy subjects were chosen.

The role of antral histopathology in diagnosing paediatric celiac disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of gastric antrum histology in children suspected of having celiac disease (CD). The present retrospective study was performed on 224 patients who were suspected of having CD and had several duodenal and one gastric antrum biopsies. They were divided into 2 groups based on the definite diagnosis of CD.

Acute Cholecystitis Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

<br><b>Aim:</b> The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of acute cholecystitis (AC) and review its possible management options during the COVID-19 pandemic.</br> <br><b>Methods:</b> The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. In August 2021, two independent reviewers reviewed a number of articles with the aim of finding studies on the management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in children: case report and review of the literature.

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a rare complication in children and a life-threatening emergency that presents with a significant increase in blood sugar and hyperosmolarity with or without low ketosis. This study reports the case of a 9-year-old boy with severe HHS due to type 1 diabetes. The patient's initial serum glucose level was 1600; however, he was discharged in a stable condition.

Elevated serum lead levels in neonates born to mothers suffering from opiate use disorder.

Background: This study was performed to investigate lead levels in neonates born to the mothers suffering from opiate use disorder (OUD) and the association of lead levels with the Apgar score.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 56 neonates who were referred to the neonatal ward of Amir-Al Momenin Hospital, Zabol. The neonates were divided into two groups: the neonates whose mothers suffered OUD and the control group.

Colonoscopic reduction of a transanal prolapsed ileocolic intussusception.

Transanal protrusion of intussusception (TAPI; also known as prolapsed intussusception) is a rare complication. Here, we present a successful colonoscopic reduction of ileocolic intussusception presented with transanal prolapse. An 8‑month male child, weighing 8 kg, was referred to our hospital presenting with a mass in his anal canal, diarrhea and rectal bleeding for two days.

Novel X gene point mutations in chronic hepatitis B and HBV related cirrhotic patients.

Introduction: HBx is a multifunctional modulator viral protein with key roles in various biological processes such as signal transduction, transcription, proliferation, and cell apoptosis. Also, HBx has an important role in the progression of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to determine mutations in X gene, enhancer II (EnhII), and basal core promoter (BCP) of genotype D of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in cirrhotic and chronic HBV patients.

Determination of allograft fibrosis by measurement of liver stiffness using transient elastography in children after liver transplantation at Shiraz Organ Transplant Center.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine allograft fibrosis by measuring LS using TE in children after liver transplantation at Shiraz Organ Transplant Center.

Background: Liver stiffness (LS) assessment using fibro-scanning (transient elastography-TE) is a non-invasive method for evaluating liver fibrosis.

Methods: All children undergoing liver transplant from 2012 to 2016 were included in the study.

Serological study of celiac disease in children with dental caries.

Background: Celiac disease is a common gastrointestinal autoimmune disorder. Studies have shown that the prevalence of tooth decay is high in patients with celiac disease. This study was performed to evaluate the serology of celiac disease in children with dental caries.