Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant pressures on healthcare systems, raising concern that related care delays will result in excess cancer-related deaths. Because data regarding the impact on patients with breast cancer are urgently needed, we aimed to provide a preliminary estimate of the impact of COVID-19 on time to treatment initiation (TTI) for patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer cared for at a large academic center.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed early-stage breast cancer between January 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020, a time period during which care was affected by COVID-19, and an unaffected cohort diagnosed between January 1, 2018 and May 15, 2018.
Modern breast imaging techniques include digital mammography, 3-dimensional tomography, high-resolution ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each of these has enabled the diagnosis of ever smaller, largely non-palpable lesions, not all of which require surgery. As these techniques evolved, so too did methods of accurately targeting and sampling the lesions, necessitating methods to mark the areas should surgical localization be needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdenomyoepitheliomas (AME) of the breast and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas (EMCs) of salivary gland are morphologically similar tumors defined by the presence of a biphasic population of ductal epithelial elements mixed with myoepithelial cells. We sought to explore the molecular profile of AMEs and determine whether they might also share the PLAG1, HMGA2, and HRAS alterations seen in EMCs. Tumor tissue from 19 AMEs was sequenced and analyzed using Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 covering ∼2800 COSMIC mutations across 50 cancer-related genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroglandular adenosis (MGA) of the breast is exceedingly rare, with only a few case reports and series published to date. Previous studies have elegantly demonstrated the progression of benign MGA to atypical MGA to MGA-in situ carcinoma to invasive carcinoma and therefore suggest MGA as a possible non-obligate precursor lesion to a subset of breast carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, MGA is negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2-neu oncoprotein expression, and carcinomas arising in the setting of MGA are often reported to be triple negative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Pathol Lab Med
February 2019
Context.—: The College of American Pathologists guidelines recommend testing additional tumor foci in multifocal invasive breast carcinomas for the biomarkers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and HER2 only if the carcinomas show different morphologies or grades.
Objective.
Aims: Adenomyoepithelioma (AME) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast have been noted to occur simultaneously, raising the possibility that AME may represent a related or precursor lesion to ACC. ACC frequently harbours genetic rearrangement of the MYB gene. We sought to clarify the relationship between AME and ACC by comparing their rates of MYB expression by IHC and MYB rearrangement by FISH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of breast is an exceedingly rare tumor with histologic resemblance to MCA arising in ovary, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. In this article, we present 2 additional cases of MCA of breast, one highlighting the diagnostic challenges of a rare entity that may potentially lead to unnecessary chemotherapy and the second case presenting with recurrence after 8 years of primary surgical excision defying the indolent behavior reported in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of such behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the introduction of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy as a standard procedure for staging clinically node negative breast cancer patients, meticulous pathologic evaluation of SLNs by serial sections and/or immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins has become commonplace in order to detect small volume metastases (isolated tumor cells and micrometastases). This practice has also brought to the fore the concept of iatrogenically false positive sentinel nodes secondary to epithelial displacement produced largely by preoperative needling procedures. While this concept is well described in the clinical and pathologic literature, it is, in our experience, still under-recognized, with such lymph nodes frequently incorrectly diagnosed as harboring true metastases, possibly resulting in unwarranted further surgery and/or chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncotype Dx is used to determine the recurrence risk (RR) in patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and lymph node negative (LN-) breast cancer. The RR is divided into low (0-17), intermediate (18-30), and high (31) to predict chemotherapy benefit. Our goal was to determine the association between histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and RR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhyllodes tumours constitute an uncommon but complex group of mammary fibroepithelial lesions. Accurate and reproducible grading of these tumours has long been challenging, owing to the need to assess multiple stratified histological parameters, which may be weighted differently by individual pathologists. Distinction of benign phyllodes tumours from cellular fibroadenomas is fraught with difficulty, due to overlapping microscopic features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe clinical significance of IMLN metastases in breast cancer is controversial. Although IMLN status is an integral part of current AJCC staging of breast cancer, the elective sampling of IMLN is not part of routine surgery for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of IMLN metastases, associated risk factors if any, and its impact on further management and outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg
March 2017
A 53-year-old woman presented with an apocrine cystadenoma of the right upper eyelid. Histologic examination revealed proliferating epithelial cells with apocrine snouts and occasional mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a Ki-67 index of 15% and positive staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP)-15, and mammoglobin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Anat Pathol
November 2014
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was introduced 2 decades ago and thereafter validated for routine surgical management of breast cancer, including cases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As the number of lymph nodes for staging has decreased, pathologists have scrutinized SLN with a combination of standard hematoxylin and eosin, levels, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular methods. An epidemic of small-volume metastases thereby arose, leading to modifications in the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging to accommodate findings such as isolated tumor cells (ITC) and micrometastases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: It is known that sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) may be falsely positive due to displaced epithelial cells, particularly in cases with an underlying intraductal papilloma. Given the low metastatic rate in pT1a carcinomas, we aimed to investigate the effect of this phenomenon on staging.
Methods And Results: Using morphology and immunohistochemistry, we classified the epithelial cells in the SLN in 39 cases of pT1a carcinoma as positive for carcinoma in six, negative in 26 and undetermined in seven.
Background: Breast pathology is a challenging field, and previous work has shown discrepancies in diagnoses, even among experts. We set out to determine whether mandatory pathology review changes the diagnosis or surgical management of breast disease.
Methods: Cases were referred for pathology review after patients presented for surgical opinion to the Dubin Breast Center at Mount Sinai Medical Center over the course of 2 years.
The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in microinvasive breast carcinoma is unclear. We examined the incidence of lymph node metastasis in patients with microinvasive carcinoma who underwent surgery at our institution. Retrospective review of our pathology database was performed (1994-2012).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Breast Cancer
August 2014
Background: In the past decade, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become standard for patients with early-stage clinically node-negative breast carcinoma (BC). Despite high overall surgical identification success rates with introduction of the dual-tracer techniques (dye and radiolabeled probe), false-negative rates remained unchanged in most recent meta-analyses.
Patients And Methods: We analyzed cases with false-negative SLN biopsy results over a 12-year period in a single institution to evaluate their clinicopathologic characteristics.
Most authors recommend excision of intraductal papillomas diagnosed on core needle biopsy. This leads to the question of whether or not excision is necessary for incidental intraductal papillomas on core needle biopsy as opposed to those corresponding to imaging findings. Using the pathology computerized data base we retrospectively identified 46 incidental intraductal papillomas diagnosed on core needle biopsy from 1/2000 to 12/2008.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: p53 as a prognostic and predictive factor in early-stage breast cancer has had mixed results. We studied p53 protein expression, by immunohistochemistry, in a randomized clinical trial of stage II patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with or without paclitaxel [Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9344, INT0148].
Patients And Methods: Epithelial p53 expression was evaluated using two immunohistochemical antibodies (DO7 and 1801) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from patients with node-positive breast cancer who were randomized to four cycles of cyclophosphamide and one of three doses of doxorubicin (60, 75, or 90 mg/m(2); AC) and to receive four subsequent cycles of paclitaxel (T) or not.
Practice-changing evidence requires confirmation, preferably in multi-institutional clinical trials. The collection of tissue within such trials has enabled biomarker studies and evaluation of companion diagnostic tests. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) have become a standard approach in many cooperative oncology groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMucocele-like lesions of the breast are ruptured ducts that discharge their contents into the stroma. They constitute a spectrum from benign to atypical to malignant. The current management of these lesions diagnosed on core biopsy is excision.
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