Text neck: An adverse postural phenomenon.

Background: The excessive use of hand-held mobile devices (HHMD) leads to a postural phenomenon known as text neck.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to discuss the anatomical, biomechanical and muscle activation changes within the cervical and thoracic regions associated with the sustained, forward, flexed neck posture, observed with excessive usage of hand-held mobile devices. Additionally, this paper examines the relationship of gender, as well as the effects of carrying backpack loads by youth, on this forward, flexed neck posture.

A Meta-Analysis of Group-Based Pain Management Programs: Overall Effect on Quality of Life and Other Chronic Pain Outcome Measures, with an Exploration into Moderator Variables that Influence the Efficacy of Such Interventions.

Objectives: Group-based pain management programs (GPMPs) have been found to significantly improve quality of life and other pain outcome measures in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The aims of this meta-analysis were to reevaluate the overall effect of GPMPs on various pain outcomes for individuals experiencing chronic musculoskeletal conditions and to explore moderator variables that potentially contribute to the overall efficacy of GPMPs.

Methods: Using the R package called metaphor and RevMan, we estimated the overall effectiveness of GPMPs on various pain outcome measures.

Postural compensations and subjective complaints due to backpack loads and wear time in schoolchildren.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of carrying weighted backpacks of up to 20% of body weight on the posture and pain complaints of elementary-school children.

Methods: Craniovertebral, forward trunk lean and pelvic tilt angles were measured from sagittal photographs of 62 children (8-11 years old) before and after walking while carrying backpacks containing 10%, 15%, or 20% of body weight. Pain severity after a 6-minute walk with the loaded backpack was recorded.

Effect of backpack load carriage on cervical posture in primary schoolchildren.

Objective: This study examined the effects of various backpack loads on elementary schoolchildren's posture and postural compensations as demonstrated by a change in forward head position.

Subjects: A convenience sample of 11 schoolchildren, aged 8-11 years participated.

Methods: Sagittal digital photographs were taken of each subject standing without a backpack, and then with the loaded backpack before and after walking 6 minutes (6MWT) at free walking speed.

Impairment variables predicting activity limitation in individuals with lower limb amputation.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether measures of impairment (i.e., muscle strength, balance), personal factors (i.

The reliability of hand-held dynamometry in measuring isometric strength of the shoulder internal and external rotator musculature using a stabilization device.

Although hand-held dynamometry is considered an objective method of measuring strength, the reliability of the procedure can be compromised by inadequate tester strength and insufficient stabilization of the dynamometer and subject. The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of a hand-held dynamometer with the use of a portable stabilization device while testing the shoulder internal and external rotator musculature. The isometric strength of the shoulder rotator musculature was tested twice in 30 asymptomatic adult volunteers (15 male and 15 female) between 18 and 63 years of age by using an intrasession design.