Real-world Effectiveness of Azacitidine in Treatment-Naive Patients With Higher-risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

Introduction: Azacitidine (AZA) is an approved frontline therapy for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR-MDS); however, poor survival denotes unmet needs to increase depth/duration of response (DOR).

Methods: This retrospective study with patient chart review evaluated AZA effectiveness in 382 treatment-naive patients with HR-MDS from a US electronic health record (EHR)-derived database. Responses were assessed using International Working Group (IWG) 2006 criteria; real-world equivalents were derived from EHRs.

The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in revealed by chemogenomic profiling.

Drug repurposing efforts led to the discovery of bactericidal activity in auranofin, a gold-containing drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Auranofin kills Gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the presence of thioredoxin reductase in Gram-negative bacteria, auranofin is not always active against them.

Efficacy and Safety of Brivaracetam in Persons With Epilepsy in a Real-World Setting: A Prospective, Non-Interventional Study.

Background And Aim: Epilepsy stands out as one of the most prevalent neurological conditions. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a noteworthy antiseizure medication (ASM) distinguished by its pronounced and selective interaction with the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) within the brain. Prior investigations, including regulatory trials, post-marketing assessments, and comparative meta-analyses, have consistently underscored BRV's equivalency in efficacy and superior tolerability when pitted against other antiseizure drugs.

Synthesis and characterization of bis-amide SSE1917 as a microtubule-stabilizing anticancer agent.

Microtubule dynamics are critical for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation during cell division. Pharmacological inhibition of microtubule dynamics in cells causes prolonged mitotic arrest, resulting in apoptosis, an approach extensively employed in treating different types of cancers. The present study reports the synthesis of thirty-two novel bis-amides (SSE1901-SSE1932) and the evaluation of their antiproliferative activities.

Use of Polyurethane-Covered Stents for Exclusion of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, technical success and short-term effectiveness of polyurethane-covered stent (PK Papyrus, BioTronik, Berlin) in the treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) that are not amenable to embolotherapy.

Materials And Methods: In this IRB-approved, retrospective study, data from patients who received polyurethane-covered stents for exclusion of PAVMs were analyzed. The study included 5 patients (all women) with a median age of 40 years (range 25-60).

Silicon nanoparticles confer hypoxia tolerance in citrus rootstocks by modulating antioxidant activities and carbohydrate metabolism.

Citrus is a remarkable fruit crop, extremely sensitive to flooding conditions, which frequently trigger hypoxia stress and cause severe damage to citrus plants. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are beneficial and have the potential to overcome this problem. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon nanoparticles to overcome hypoxia stress through modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and carbohydrate metabolism.

A mechanistic approach to arsenic adsorption and immobilization in aqueous solution, groundwater, and contaminated paddy soil using pine-cone magnetic biochar.

Arsenic (As) poisoning in groundwater and rice paddy soil has increased globally, impacting human health and food security. There is an urgent need to deal with As-contaminated groundwater and soil. Biochar can be a useful remedy for toxic contaminants.

Imparting scalephobicity with rational microtexturing of soft materials.

Crystallization fouling, a process where scale forms on surfaces, is widespread in nature and technology, negatively affecting energy and water industries. Despite the effort, rationally designed surfaces that are intrinsically resistant to it remain elusive, due in part to a lack of understanding of how microfoulants deposit and adhere in dynamic aqueous environments. Here, we show that rational tuning of coating compliance and wettability works synergistically with microtexture to enhance microfoulant repellency, characterized by low adhesion and high removal efficiency of numerous individual microparticles and tenacious crystallites in a flowing water environment.

Advances in Thyroid Function Tests: Precision Diagnostics and Clinical Implications.

This narrative review explores the evolving field of thyroid function testing, explicitly highlighting the significance of precision diagnostics and their substantial impact on clinical practice. Commencing with a comprehensive examination of the historical progression of thyroid diagnostics, the discourse proceeds to explore recent developments, highlighting the paramount importance of accuracy in testing methods. The primary issue under consideration is the crucial requirement for accuracy in the field of therapeutic practice.

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase with Novel 1, 3, 4, Oxadiazole Derivatives: A Kinetic, , and Approach.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disease that disturbs the memory, thinking skills, and behavior of the affected person. AD is a complex disease caused by the breakdown of acetylcholine acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The present study aimed to assess the synthetic inhibitors of AChE that could be used to treat AD.

MiR-146b-5p enriched bioinspired exosomes derived from fucoidan-directed induction mesenchymal stem cells protect chondrocytes in osteoarthritis by targeting TRAF6.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degradation and inflammation. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) have attracted widespread attention for their potential role in modulating OA pathology. However, the unpredictable therapeutic effects of exosomes have been a significant barrier to their extensive clinical application.

Enhanced electrical and magnetic properties of (Co, Yb) co-doped ZnO memristor for neuromorphic computing.

We investigate the morphological, electrical, magnetic, and resistive switching properties of (Co, Yb) co-ZnO for neuromorphic computing. By using hydrothermal synthesized nanoparticles and their corresponding sputtering target, we introduce Co and Yb into the ZnO structure, leading to increased oxygen vacancies and grain volume, indicating grain growth. This growth reduces grain boundaries, enhancing electrical conductivity and room-temperature ferromagnetism in Co and Yb-doped ZnO nanoparticles.

Nano-Iron Oxide (FeO) Mitigates the Effects of Microplastics on a Ryegrass Soil-Microbe-Plant System.

To understand microplastic-nanomaterial interactions in agricultural systems, a randomized block 90-day pot experiment was set up to cultivate ryegrass seedings in a typical red sandy soil amended with compost (1:9 ratio). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) microplastic (MP) contaminants were added into pot soils at 0.1 and 10%, whereas nano-FeO (as nanoenabled agrochemicals) was added at 0.

Antioxidant, carbonic anhydrase inhibition and diuretic activity of Forssk. Decne.

Background: Forssk. Decne is a member of family Apocynaceae and locally known as 'Khipp'. It is found in dry, sandy habitat of Pakistan and in several other regions around the world including Asia, Tropical Africa, Western Gulf and Mediterranean countries.

Epigenetic and Metabolic Reprogramming of Fibroblasts in Crohn's Disease Strictures Reveals Histone Deacetylases as Therapeutic Targets.

Background And Aims: No effective therapeutic intervention exists for intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease [CD]. We characterized fibroblast subtypes, epigenetic and metabolic changes, and signalling pathways in CD fibrosis to inform future therapeutic strategies.

Methods: We undertook immunohistochemistry, metabolic, signalling pathway and epigenetic [Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing] analyses associated with collagen production in CCD-18Co intestinal fibroblasts and primary fibroblasts isolated from stricturing [SCD] and non-stricturing [NSCD] CD small intestine.

A Wearable Force Myography-Based Armband for Recognition of Upper Limb Gestures.

Force myography (FMG) represents a promising alternative to surface electromyography (EMG) in the context of controlling bio-robotic hands. In this study, we built upon our prior research by introducing a novel wearable armband based on FMG technology, which integrates force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors housed in newly designed casings. We evaluated the sensors' characteristics, including their load-voltage relationship and signal stability during the execution of gestures over time.

Borylation-Reduction-Borylation for the Formation of 1,4-Azaborines.

Given the current interest in materials containing 1,4-azaborine units, the development of new routes to these structures is important. Carbonyl directed electrophilic borylation using BBr is a facile method for the -borylation of ,-diaryl-amide derivatives. Subsequent addition of EtSiH results in carbonyl reduction and then formation of 1,4-azaborines that can be protected using a Grignard reagent.

Genetic algorithm optimization of heliostat field layout for the design of a central receiver solar thermal power plant.

The heliostat field layout in a central receiver solar thermal power plant has significant optical losses that can ultimately affect the overall output power of the plant. In this paper, an optimized heliostat field layout based on annual efficiency and power of 50 MW for the local coordinates of Quetta, Pakistan, is proposed. The performance of two different heliostat field layouts such as radial staggered and Fermat's spiral distribution are evaluated and different design points in a year are considered for the analysis.

Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles loaded with peganum harmala for bone tissue engineering.

Globally, there is an increase in a number of bone disorders including osteoarthritis (OA), osteomyelitis, bone cancer, and etc., which has led to a demand for bone tissue regeneration. In order to take use of the osteogenic potential of natural herbs, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) have the ability to deliver therapeutically active chemicals locally.

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Chrysanthemum cv. 'Candid': Assessing Genetic Variation and Breeding Potential.

In this study, we developed a mutagenesis protocol specifically designed for chrysanthemum cv. "Candid" in order to introduce genetic variation. By subjecting chrysanthemum shoots to different doses of physical and chemical mutagens, we successfully generated a total of 24 mutants, each with unique genetic compositions.

A Network Pharmacology and Molecular-Docking-Based Approach to Identify the Probable Targets of Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Microbial Metabolites against Kidney Cancer and Inflammation.

(1) Background: A large and diverse microbial population exists in the human intestinal tract, which supports gut homeostasis and the health of the host. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-secreting microbes also generate several metabolites with favorable regulatory effects on various malignancies and immunological inflammations. The involvement of intestinal SCFAs in kidney diseases, such as various kidney malignancies and inflammations, has emerged as a fascinating area of study in recent years.