Publications by authors named "Iqbal Muhammad"
Postoperative pain significantly affects many surgical patients. While opioids are crucial for pain management, they come with unwanted side effects. Alternatives like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, and regional anesthesia techniques such as nerve blocks are utilized, but these also have limitations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRevolutionizing photocatalysis: Synthesis of innovative poly(N-tertiary-butylacrylamide)-graft-hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers for thermo-responsive applications via metal-free organic photoredox catalysis.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
In this study, we present a groundbreaking approach utilizing metal-free, visible light-mediated organic photoredox catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) to synthesize cellulose-based stimuli-responsive polymers. Our method resulted in the successful synthesis of innovative metal-free poly(N-tertiary-butylacrylamide)-graft-hydroxypropyl cellulose (PNTBAM-g-HPC) polymers with exceptional control over molecular weight and narrow dispersity index (Đ) and explored their applications in organo-photocatalytic reactions. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional atom transfer radical polymerization method, which suffer from metal contamination and toxicity related problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most prevalent breast cancer subtype. Its prognosis is poor because there are no effective treatment targets. Despite several attempts, the molecular pathways of TNBC remain unknown, posing a significant clinical barrier in the search for viable targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleosides and its derivatives are essential chemicals with extensive applications in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. Chemical synthesis of these compounds often faces problems such as harsh reaction conditions and environmental pollution, whereas microbial synthesis provides a promising and sustainable alternative. This review discusses recent advances in the biosynthesis of nucleosides and their derivatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver cirrhosis stands as a prominent contributor to mortality, impacting millions across the United States. Enabling health care providers to predict early mortality among patients with cirrhosis holds the potential to enhance treatment efficacy significantly. Our hypothesis centers on the correlation between mortality and laboratory test results along with relevant diagnoses in this patient cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most familiar names creating a benchmark and scaling new heights. IoT an indeed future of the communication that has transformed the objects (things) of the real world into smarter devices. With the advent of IoT technology, this decade is witnessing a transformation from traditional agriculture approaches to the most advanced ones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRoom temperature femtowatt sensitivity remains a sought-after attribute, even among commercial inorganic infrared (IR) photodetectors (PDs). While organic IR PDs are poised to emerge as a pivotal sensor technology in the forthcoming Fourth-Generation Industrial Era, their performance lags behind that of their inorganic counterparts. This discrepancy primarily stems from poor external quantum efficiencies (EQE), driven by inadequate exciton dissociation (high exciton binding energy) within organic IR materials, exacerbated by pronounced non-radiative recombination at narrow bandgaps.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- A cylindrical shell is a structure with a curved surface around a central axis, commonly used in applications like pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and aerospace.
- The article examines four layers of materials, focusing on functionally graded and isotropic materials, and derives the natural frequency through the Rayleigh-Ritz approach based on Sander's shell theory.
- MATLAB software is utilized to compute natural frequencies for various thickness-to-radius and length-to-radius ratios under simply supported edge conditions.
Article Synopsis
- Heart failure often leads to multiple hospital re-admissions, causing significant economic and quality of life challenges for patients, highlighting the need for better understanding of re-admission rates and predictors.
- In a study involving 350 heart failure patients at Ayub Teaching Hospital, the overall re-admission rate was found to be 58.28%, with varying rates based on the number of readmissions within 90 days.
- Key independent predictors for readmission included diabetes mellitus, increased heart rate, nephropathy, and a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, which could help in identifying patients at risk of re-admission after discharge.
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- Accurate lab diagnosis of gastroenteritis is crucial for effective treatment and appropriate isolation of patients.
- This study compares the QIAGEN QIAstat-Dx gastrointestinal panel with the bioMerieux BioFire FilmArray for detecting pathogens in 110 children suspected of gastroenteritis.
- Results show the QIAstat-Dx panel has a high positive agreement (96.2%) and negative agreement (99.7%) with the BioFire panel, and its PCR cycle threshold value could help estimate pathogen load in stool samples.
COMPARISON OF THE OUTCOMES OF ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY (ERAS) VS CONVENTIONAL CARE IN ELECTIVE COLORECTAL SURGERY.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- - Colorectal cancer, arising from uncontrolled cell growth in the colon, rectum, or appendix, is more common in developed countries and often occurs in individuals with no significant genetic risk; the study investigates the effectiveness of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) compared to conventional care in elective colorectal surgery.
- - In a randomized controlled trial with 60 patients, those in the ERAS group experienced quicker recovery times, with faster return of bowel sounds (20.63 hours) and first flatus (18.67 hours), compared to conventional care patients (27.0 hours and 25.93 hours, respectively).
- - The mean hospital stay for the ERAS group was significantly shorter at 3.37 days compared
Article Synopsis
- Endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has been the preferred method since 1991, with new techniques like contralateral gate cannulation being developed to enhance the process.
- A new device called the Taofan and Kang (T&K) bidirectional endovascular aortic repair (B-EVAR) was introduced, utilizing a unique approach to deploy stent grafts through both femoral arteries while ensuring safety and effectiveness.
- In a pilot study involving six patients, the T&K B-EVAR showed promising results with no complications or prolonged hospital stays, indicating it simplifies the AAA repair process and could be beneficial for a wider range of patients.
Exploring the potential of a pH-sensitive hydrogel sponge: interpenetrating network of tragacanth and pectin for controlled delivery of levosulpiride.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- The research focuses on developing a pH-sensitive interpenetrating network (IPN) made from tragacanth and pectin to control the release of the drug levosulpiride, aiming to improve its solubility through the formation of inclusion complexes with beta cyclodextrin.
- The IPN was created using a sustainable approach, resulting in a spongy material characterized by various analytical techniques, confirming the successful cross-linking and stability of the hydrogel network.
- The study evaluated key physical properties, finding that increasing concentrations of cross-linkers and polysaccharides enhanced the gel fraction and drug loading capacity, while the sponges also showed responsiveness to electrolytes and a
Article Synopsis
- Progesterone and its metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy and influencing myometrial contractility, with SHBG serving as a biomarker for premature birth.
- The study involving 500 pregnant women found that low levels of vitamin D, SHBG, and certain progesterone metabolites were prevalent in those at risk for preterm birth, suggesting these factors could help predict such risks early on.
Article Synopsis
- The GPx1 gene plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox balance, and changes in its expression are associated with cancer progression.
- Researchers used computational tools to identify harmful non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the GPx1 gene that could affect the enzyme's structure and function.
- The final analysis highlighted three specific mutations that showed reduced binding and stability when interacting with TRAF2, suggesting their potential connection to cancer development.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on improving the detection of aerial activities, such as drones and birds, which can help automate bird surveys and enhance radar systems for collision detection.
- It introduces a new model called "MobVGG," which merges MobileNetV2 and VGG16 architectures to effectively classify images of birds and drones, addressing the challenge of multi-class classification.
- The MobVGG model was trained on a dataset of 4212 images per category, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 96%, surpassing earlier research in this area and catering primarily to researchers and graduate students.
Article Synopsis
- Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plants and negatively affects their growth and productivity, prompting a study on the potential protective effects of menadiol diacetate (MD) on summer squash.
- The experiment involved priming squash seeds with different concentrations of MD and assessing their growth, yield, and biochemical responses after exposure to Cd stress, revealing that MD improved certain growth metrics while reducing Cd's harmful effects.
- The results showed that 10 µM MD enhanced the accumulation of beneficial compounds in the squash and helped sequester Cd in the cell wall, suggesting MD-priming could be a viable method to alleviate Cd toxicity in summer squash plants.
Article Synopsis
- * Various tests were conducted on rats to compare the healing effects of a herbal decoction against standard treatments and controls, with results showing significant improvement in wound healing for those treated with the decoction.
- * The findings indicated that the herbal decoction not only promoted better healing but also had antibacterial properties without any toxic effects, suggesting it could be a safe and effective household remedy for wounds.
Article Synopsis
- Copper carboxylate complexes have gained attention for their potential in biological applications, with this study examining 20 selected Cu(II) complexes and their interaction with the carrier 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD) to improve drug delivery.
- Monte Carlo calculations and DFT-D simulations showed that a neutral medium enhances the adsorption of these complexes to 2HPβCD, with certain complexes (4, 5, and 7) demonstrating strong interactions suitable for drug delivery systems.
- The study also revealed variations in the release efficiency of the complexes and highlighted their potential effects on c-kit tyrosine kinase and Mushroom tyrosinase, where complexes containing 1,
Article Synopsis
- Milk adulteration is a significant global issue, especially in developing countries with poor monitoring systems, leading to serious health risks from potentially harmful substances found in milk.
- The research focuses on both destructive and non-destructive methods for detecting milk adulteration, using technologies like the Lactoscan system and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to identify various adulterants.
- Advanced machine learning algorithms, particularly Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), were implemented to accurately classify milk quality, achieving impressive validation accuracy and demonstrating the practical application of the developed model for ensuring milk safety.
Article Synopsis
- Metal sulfide-based composites, particularly NiFeS@MoS@rGO, are being researched for their performance as electrodes in supercapacitors due to their high conductivity and electrochemical properties.
- The synthesized nanocomposite achieved an impressive specific capacitance of 3188 F/g when tested in a three-electrode cell with a KOH electrolyte.
- The resulting supercapattery design, combining NiFeS@MoS@rGO with activated carbon, demonstrated strong energy and power density, stable performance over 30,000 cycles, and potential for powering portable electronics.
Article Synopsis
- - CIPHER is a specialized AI chatbot designed to assist with penetration testing by leveraging extensive training on over 300 high-quality cybersecurity resources and using a unique method called FARR Flow to enhance write-ups for automated simulations.
- - Unlike general AI, CIPHER addresses domain-specific knowledge needed for effective penetration testing, filling a gap in traditional Q&A benchmarks and offering a rigorous evaluation standard for language models in this area.
- - In tests, CIPHER outperformed other open-source models, showing significant accuracy in providing suggestions, especially for complex scenarios, highlighting the limitations of general language models in penetration testing tasks.
Article Synopsis
- A 79-year-old woman was diagnosed with both rectal villous tubular adenocarcinoma and a gallbladder villous tubular adenoma after presenting with blood in her stool.
- Imaging and histopathological tests confirmed the presence of both cancers.
- Surgical treatments included removing the rectal cancer and gallbladder, highlighting the need for careful evaluation and teamwork in managing complex gastrointestinal tumors.
Article Synopsis
- - Nanotechnology has significantly impacted research in soft materials, attracting the attention of scientists from various disciplines due to their applications in areas like drug delivery and nanorobotics.
- - A specific focus of this research is on diblock copolymer systems, where mathematicians are investigating how confinement and curvature influence new structural morphologies.
- - The study uses a cell dynamic simulation model coded in FORTRAN with results visualized through IBM open DX, providing new insights into lamella patterns and validating findings against existing literature.