Rehabilitation and care after hip fracture: a cost-utility analysis of stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial.

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness and costs of Rehabilitation for Life (RFL) compared with usual rehabilitation and care after hip fracture to determine which course offered the most value for money.

Design: Cost-utility analysis.

Patient: Community-dwelling patients aged 65+ after hip fracture.

Informal care after hip fracture: prospective cohort.

Background: Hip fracture is very common and it has life-shattering consequences for older persons. After discharge the older persons need help with even basic everyday activities from formal and informal caregivers. In Scandinavia formal care are well-developed however the presence of informal caregivers likely reflect on the amount of formal care and wears on the informal caregivers.

Association between patient activation level and functional outcomes in older adults with hip fractures.

Background: Hip fractures can significantly impact older adults' mobility and function. Effective rehabilitation is crucial to help them regain independence and quality of life. However, little is known about the association between patient activation and hip fracture rehabilitation.

Interest in mHealth Among Patients With Low Back Pain: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Digitally supported self-management tailored to an individual's need, in addition to usual care, may reduce pain-related disability compared to usual care alone, and patients with low back pain (LBP) using mobile health (mHealth) solutions express positive experiences. Hence, implementing mHealth solutions designed to support self-management is desirable from a clinical and patient perspective. Easily accessible mHealth solutions that can support the self-management of patients with LBP are available, but interest may be subgroup specific.

Mesoscale simulation of biomembranes with FreeDTS.

We present FreeDTS software for performing computational research on biomembranes at the mesoscale. In this software, a membrane is represented by a dynamically triangulated surface equipped with vertex-based inclusions to integrate the effects of integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Several algorithms are included in the software to simulate complex membranes at different conditions such as framed membranes with constant tension, vesicles and high-genus membranes with various fixed volumes or constant pressure differences and applying external forces to membrane regions.

From fear to control: Older adults' thoughts and feelings about empowerment-oriented rehabilitation after a hip fracture.

Background: It is essential to focus on how older adults remain active and regain control of their daily lives after hip fractures. 'Rehabilitation of Life' is an empowerment-orientated hip fracture intervention focused on continuous rehabilitation and care between sectors in Denmark. We aimed to understand and explore older adults' experience participating in the intervention 'Rehabilitation of Life' and how this relates to their sense of empowerment.

Peptaibols Stimulate Plant Plasma Membrane H-ATPase Activity.

Because of their ability to promote growth, act as biopesticides, and improve abiotic stress tolerance, spp. have been used for plant seed coating. However, the mechanism for the promotion of plant growth remains unknown.

A fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase is required for cell wall integrity, thermotolerance, and virulence of the fungal human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.

Fungi often adapt to environmental stress by altering their size, shape, or rate of cell division. These morphological changes require reorganization of the cell wall, a structural feature external to the cell membrane composed of highly interconnected polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that are typically secreted into the extracellular space to catalyze initial oxidative steps in the degradation of complex biopolymers such as chitin and cellulose.

A fast, sensitive and fluorescent LPMO activity assay.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are industrially relevant enzymes that utilize a copper co-factor and an oxygen species to break down recalcitrant polysaccharides. These enzymes are secreted by microorganisms and are used in lignocellulosic refineries. As such, they are interesting from both the ecological/biological and industrial perspectives.

Macromolecular Crowding Is Surprisingly Unable to Deform the Structure of a Model Biomolecular Condensate.

The crowded interior of a living cell makes performing experiments on simpler in vitro systems attractive. Although these reveal interesting phenomena, their biological relevance can be questionable. A topical example is the phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins into biomolecular condensates, which is proposed to underlie the membrane-less compartmentalization of many cellular functions.

Exploiting photosynthesis-driven P450 activity to produce indican in tobacco chloroplasts.

Photosynthetic organelles offer attractive features for engineering small molecule bioproduction by their ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy required for metabolism. The possibility to couple biochemical production directly to photosynthetic assimilation as a source of energy and substrates has intrigued metabolic engineers. Specifically, the chemical diversity found in plants often relies on cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylations that depend on reductant supply for catalysis and which often lead to metabolic bottlenecks for heterologous production of complex molecules.

Scrotal impaling injury causing ascending colon perforation and retroperitoneal fistula.

Impalement injuries though relatively uncommon are some of the most dramatic and are known to cause significant damage due to the forces involved, the combination of blunt and penetrating mechanisms, and wound contamination. They generally occur following falls from a height, motor vehicle accidents or other high velocity mechanisms. Their management requires specific consideration to the prehospital management of the impaling object, management of any organs injured and appropriate debridement and washout of the tract.

Cost-Effectiveness of Physical Rehabilitation and Care of Older Home-Dwelling Persons after Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

Objective: To provide a systematic review of the literature and knowledge base of cost per quality-adjusted life year of physical rehabilitation and care of older persons after hip fracture.

Material And Methods: A research librarian assisted in searching 9 databases (14 May to 27 May 2021), with exclusion of studies on cognitively impaired or institutionalized individuals. A stepwise selection process was conducted by 2 authors, study quality was assessed using Drummond et al.

ATP hydrolytic activity of purified Spf1p correlate with micellar lipid fluidity and is dependent on conserved residues in transmembrane helix M1.

P5A ATPases are expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of all eukaryotic cells, and their disruption results in pleiotropic phenotypes related to severe ER stress. They were recently proposed to function in peptide translocation although their specificity have yet to be confirmed in reconstituted assays using the purified enzyme. A general theme for P-type ATPases is that binding and transport of substrates is coupled to hydrolysis of ATP in a conserved allosteric mechanism, however several independent reports have shown purified Spf1p to display intrinsic spontaneous ATP hydrolytic activity after purification.

Changes in active-site geometry on X-ray photoreduction of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase active-site copper and saccharide binding.

The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are Cu-containing enzymes capable of degrading polysaccharide substrates oxidatively. The generally accepted first step in the LPMO reaction is the reduction of the active-site metal ion from Cu to Cu. Here we have used a systematic diffraction data collection method to monitor structural changes in two AA9 LPMOs, one from (AA9_A) and one from (AA9_A), as the active-site Cu is photoreduced in the X-ray beam.

Model biomolecular condensates have heterogeneous structure quantitatively dependent on the interaction profile of their constituent macromolecules.

Biomolecular condensates play numerous roles in cells by selectively concentrating client proteins while excluding others. These functions are likely to be sensitive to the spatial organization of the scaffold proteins forming the condensate. We use coarse-grained molecular simulations to show that model intrinsically-disordered proteins phase separate into a heterogeneous, structured fluid characterized by a well-defined length scale.

Rehabilitation for life: the effect on physical function of rehabilitation and care in older adults after hip fracture-study protocol for a cluster-randomised stepped-wedge trial.

Background: A hip fracture is a serious event for older adults, given that approximately 50% do not regain their habitual level of physical function, and the mortality rate is high, as is the number of readmissions. The gap in healthcare delivery, as separated into two financial and self-governing sectors, might be a contributing cause of inferior rehabilitation and care for these patients. Therefore, we aim to assess the effect of continuous and progressive rehabilitation and care across sectors for older adults after hip fracture.

Protonation State of an Important Histidine from High Resolution Structures of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases.

Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs) oxidatively cleave recalcitrant polysaccharides. The mechanism involves (i) reduction of the Cu, (ii) polysaccharide binding, (iii) binding of different oxygen species, and (iv) glycosidic bond cleavage. However, the complete mechanism is poorly understood and may vary across different families and even within the same family.

Inhibition of LPMOs by Fermented Persimmon Juice.

Fermented persimmon juice, Kakishibu, has traditionally been used for wood and paper protection. This protective effect stems at least partially from inhibition of microbial cellulose degrading enzymes. The inhibitory effect of Kakishibu on lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and on a cocktail of cellulose hydrolases was studied, using three different cellulosic substrates.

Inhibition of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase by natural plant extracts.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes of industrial and biological importance. In particular, LPMOs play important roles in fungal lifestyle. No inhibitors of LPMOs have yet been reported.

Computational Approaches to Explore Bacterial Toxin Entry into the Host Cell.

Many bacteria secrete toxic protein complexes that modify and disrupt essential processes in the infected cell that can lead to cell death. To conduct their action, these toxins often need to cross the cell membrane and reach a specific substrate inside the cell. The investigation of these protein complexes is essential not only for understanding their biological functions but also for the rational design of targeted drug delivery vehicles that must navigate across the cell membrane to deliver their therapeutic payload.

Ceramide structure dictates glycosphingolipid nanodomain assembly and function.

Gangliosides in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells are essential for many cellular functions and pathogenic interactions. How gangliosides are dynamically organized and how they respond to ligand binding is poorly understood. Using fluorescence anisotropy imaging of synthetic, fluorescently labeled GM1 gangliosides incorporated into the plasma membrane of living cells, we found that GM1 with a fully saturated C16:0 acyl chain, but not with unsaturated C16:1 acyl chain, is actively clustered into nanodomains, which depends on membrane cholesterol, phosphatidylserine and actin.

Creasing of flexible membranes at vanishing tension.

The properties of freestanding tensionless interfaces and membranes at low bending rigidity κ are dominated by strong fluctuations and self-avoidance and are thus outside the range of standard perturbative analysis. We analyze this regime by a simple discretized, self-avoiding membrane model on a frame subject to periodic boundary conditions by use of Monte Carlo simulation and dynamically triangulated surface techniques. We find that at low bending rigidities, the membrane properties fall into three regimes: Below the collapse transition κ_{BP} it is subject to branched polymer instability where the framed surface is not defined, in a range below a threshold rigidity κ_{c} the conformational correlation function are characterized by power-law behavior with a continuously varying exponent α, 2<α≤4 and above κ_{c}, α=4 characteristic for linearized bending excitations.

Copper binding and reactivity at the histidine brace motif: insights from mutational analysis of the Pseudomonas fluorescens copper chaperone CopC.

The histidine brace (His-brace) is a copper-binding motif that is associated with both oxidative enzymes and proteinaceous copper chaperones. Here, we used biochemical and structural methods to characterize mutants of a His-brace-containing copper chaperone from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PfCopC). A total of 15 amino acid variants in primary and second-sphere residues were produced and characterized in terms of their copper binding and redox properties.