[The possibilities for the restoration of the laryngeal function: the current state-of-the-art].

The restoration of the functional competence of the larynx following bilateral laryngeal nerve damage and vocal fold paralysis is a serious challenge for the surgeon that has thus far no satisfactory solution. Physiological re-innervation that occurs naturally with time is non-selective and, in the majority of the cases, leads to synkinesis. Laryngeal pacing achieved with the application of the implantable microchips appears to be a promising approach.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of adrenocortical cancer with invasion into great veins].

Aim: To estimate immediate and remote resaults of treatment of adrenocortical cancer with invasion into great veins.

Material And Methods: It was analyzed survey and treatment results in 3 patients with adrenocortical cancer and invasion into renal veins and inferior vena cava.

Results: Radical surgery with tumoral thrombi removal from great vessels was performed in all cases.

[Complex ultrasonic study of parathyroids in diagnostic and surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism].

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common disease in Russian Federation, cured by endocrine surgeons. Health status after surgical correction of primary hyperparathyroidism depends on availability of screening hypercalciemia, which is still absent in our country. Another problem is a model of surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism (frozen section, intraoperative monitoring of parathyroid hormone, gamma-detection and so on).

[Surgical and endovascular treatment of lung arteriovenous malformations].

The article summarizes the experience of surgical treatment of 47 patients (1964-2012 yy) with lung arteriovenous malformations (LAVM). Men were 29, women - 18. Age varied from 6 to 49 years.

[Development of a set of diagnostic test systems for analysis of expression of C-myc, mad1, max, p53, and E2F1 gene oncomarkers by the reverse transcription reaction-polymerase chain reaction alignment technique].

Based on the performed studies, the authors developed test systems to analyze the expression of mRNA of the p53, C-myc, mad1, max, and E2F1 genes. These test systems could reveal a statistically significant difference between follicular adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid in their expression of p53 mRNA. It should be noted that the use of our developed test systems is promising when searching for the diagnostic and prognostic markers of cancer, analyzing, and creating the genetic networks characterizing this or that cancer.

[Puncture hystobiopsy with tissue telomerase activity measurement in preoperative thyroid nodes diagnostics].

Demonstrated, that puncture thyroid hystobiopsy is safe and informative method of preoperative thyroid nodes diagnostics. Telomerase activity in tissue samples was significantly higher in case of malignant thyroid disease, although a positive correlation of telomerase activity was also with the amount of lymphocytes in bioptates. Combination of thyroid hystobiopsy with tissue telomerase activity measurement proved to be an effective means of preoperative diagnostic of patients with nodular goiter.

[Long-term prognostic analysis of surgical treatment of the thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis].

Treatment results of 300 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were analyzed. 150 patients with MG and thymoma formed the main group, the rest 150 patients with non-thymomatous MG comprised the group of control. Thymomatous myasthenia was more severe and resistant to therapy.

[Long-term results of surgical treatment of thymomas at the patients with generalized myasthenia].

Results of diagnosis and treatment of 150 patients with thymoma and generalized myasthenia are analyzed. The results of examination were registered before surgery, and also in 1, 3, 5 and 10 years after one. It is demonstrated that thymoma is potentially malignant tumor with risk of recurrence and requires long follow-up of patient after operation.

[Anti-Titin-antibodies at the patients with myasthenic and non-myasthenic thymoma].

Serum specimens from 52 myasthenic patients with thymoma of various histological characteristics and 4 patients with thymoma without myasthenia have tested for anti-Titin-antibodies titer. It has been demonstrated that organ-specific thymoma dominated at myasthenic patients, and organ-nonspecific thymoma - at the patients without myasthenia. There was no correlation between severe clinical symptoms and the level of anti-Titin-antibodies.

[Disputable problems in diagnosis and treatment of catecholamine-secreting tumors].

The article covers the main problems and disputable points in diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma: differential diagnosis before surgery and treatment which policy. The authors define a specific group of patients required a comprehensive deep examination (group of risk) for chromaffin tissue. Differentiated use of different methods of diagnosis of catecholamine-secreting tumors is validated.

[Disputable points and negative tendencies in diagnosis and surgical treatment of accidentally revealed adrenal tumors].

Two main problems are discussed in detail: differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors before surgery, and policy of treatment of these patients. Indications for fine needle biopsy are determined, based on personal and world experience reasoned indications to surgical treatment and follow-up are formulated. Some negative tendencies in adrenal surgery are also discussed.

[Forty-year experience of surgical treatment of generalized myasthenia].

Forty-year experience with surgical treatment of generalized myasthenia (GM) based on 2977 cases is analyzed. Role of special methods of mediastinum examination (CT, MRT) is demonstrated, indications to thymectomy are validated. It is noted that developed diagnostic algorithm, surgical technique, management before and after surgery improved significantly immediate and long-term results.

[Surgical treatment of thymomas in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis].

Experience in surgical treatment of 2977 patients with generalized myasthenia is presented, 386 (13%) of them have undergone surgeries for thymus tumors. Organo-specific tumors (thymoma) were diagnosed in 370 (95.9%) of them.

[Current aspects of diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic arterial hypertension of adrenal genesis].

Aim: To analyse the experience in diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) of adrenal genesis.

Material And Methods: A total of 243 patients with adrenal AH (mean age 46.3 +/- 3.

[False acute abdomen in clinical practice].

Some situations in which endocrinological diseases and their complications (diabetic ketoacidosis, acute adrenal failure, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, thyrotoxic crisis, hyperparathyroidism crisis) give the picture of false acute abdomen are analyzed.

[Tumors of chromaffin tissue (symptoms, diagnosis, surgical treatment)].

Medical histories of 167 patients with tumors of chromaffin tissue were analyzed. Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in 124 (74.2%) patients, pheochromoblastoma--in 32 (19.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism].

Primary hyperaldosteroneism (PHA) is one of the main causes of secondary arterial hypertension (AH). Medical histories of 62 patients with PHA were analyzed. aldosterone-produced adenoma (APA) was diagnosed in 37 (59.

[Surgical stress in different cholecystectomies].

For determination of surgical stress degree and evaluation of long-term results prospective randomized study was carried out. Three representative groups were compared: patients undergone traditional cholecystectomy (TCE)--95 patients (1 group), laparoscopic cholecystectomy--91 patients (2 group), minimally invasive cholecystectomy--92 patients (3 group). Level of stress hormones (before, during and after surgery), parameters of external respiration (before and after surgery), doses of analgetics (or their combinations) which were necessary for adequate analgesia in early postoperative period depending on surgical method were used as objective criteria of surgical stress.

[Resources of intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid gland diseases].

The method of intraoperative laser autofluorescent spectroscopy (IOLAS) has been developed and introduced in clinical practice for improvement of intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid gland diseases. 112 patients (17 men, 95 women, mean age 46.5 +/- 3.

[Cholecystectomy by mini-approach in the treatment of cholelithiasis].

Along with wide-spread laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cholelithiasis can be treated with another sparing technique--miniaccess cholecystectomy (MACE). Case histories and long-term treatment outcomes were analysed for 168 patients aged 23-77 years subjected to MACE with elements of open laparoscopy for chronic calculous cholecystitis. Surgery was made using a special surgical kit "Mini-assistant" by the team of two surgeons and an instrument nurse.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of arterial hypertension of adrenal origin].

230 patients with arterial hypertension of adrenal origin were treated. 205 of them underwent adrenalectomy with surrounding paranephral fat. There were no lethal outcomes.