A comparative analysis of axial and appendicular skeletal maturity staging systems through assessment of longitudinal growth and curve modulation after VBT surgery.

Purpose: Appendicular skeleton markers are commonly used for maturity assessment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients. Traditionally, Risser has been a standard skeletal maturity assessment method. More recently, Sanders classification (SSMS), as a more comprehensive system, became popular, especially in decision-making for Vertebral Body Tethering (VBT).