Development and preliminary usability testing of an electronic conversation guide incorporating patient values and prognostic information in preparation for older people's decision-making near the end of life.

Initiating end-of-life conversations can be daunting for clinicians and overwhelming for patients and families. This leads to delays in communicating prognosis and preparing for the inevitable in old age, often generating potentially harmful overtreatment and poor-quality deaths. We aimed to develop an electronic resource, called Communicating Health Alternatives Tool (CHAT) that was compatible with hospital medical records software to facilitate preparation for shared decision-making across health settings with older adults deemed to be in the last year of life.

Nurses', patients', and informal caregivers' attitudes toward aggression in psychiatric hospitals: A comparative survey study.

Attitudes toward aggression is a controversial phenomenon in psychiatry. This study examined and compared attitudes toward patient aggression in psychiatric hospitals from the perspectives of nurses, patients and informal caregivers and identified factors associated to these attitudes. A total of 2,424 participants completed a self-reported instrument regarding attitudes toward aggression (12-items Perception of Aggression Scale; POAS-S).

Physical Restraint Events in Psychiatric Hospitals in Hong Kong: A Cohort Register Study.

The need to better monitor coercion practices in psychiatric hospitals has been recognised. We aim to describe how physical restraint events occur in psychiatric hospitals and identify factors associated with physical-restraint use. A cohort register study was used.

Perceptions of patient aggression in psychiatric hospitals: a qualitative study using focus groups with nurses, patients, and informal caregivers.

Background: Aggression in psychiatric hospitals has been of interest to researchers. Information on how different stakeholders perceive patient aggression remains equivocal. Even less is known about possible similarities or differences in stakeholders' perceptions of how aggressive behaviour is understood, managed and prevented in psychiatric hospitals.

Characteristics and Effectiveness of Interventions That Target the Reporting, Communication, or Clinical Interpretation of Lumbar Imaging Findings: A Systematic Review.

Background: Patients and clinicians may misinterpret the clinical importance of imaging findings in patients with low back pain, leading to potential harm related to overdiagnosis.

Purpose: Our aims were to qualitatively summarize the characteristics of tested interventions that target the reporting, communication, or clinical interpretation of lumbar imaging findings and determine whether interventions are effective in improving low back pain-related health outcomes, health care use, or health care costs.

Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 20, 2021.

Prevention and management of aggressive behaviour in patients at psychiatric hospitals: a document analysis of clinical practice guidelines in Hong Kong.

Patient aggressive behaviour remains a significant public health concern worldwide. The use of restraint and seclusion remains a last resort but not an uncommon practice in clinical psychiatry in the management of aggressive events. There seems to be a paucity of evidenced-based research examining the policy framework guiding the use of restraint and seclusion in Asia contexts.

Pain After Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Analgesic Effectiveness of a Combined Adductor Canal Peripheral Nerve Block with Periarticular Infiltration Versus Adductor Canal Nerve Block Alone Versus Periarticular Infiltration Alone.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty is a painful surgery that requires early mobilization for successful joint function. Multimodal analgesia, including spinal analgesia, nerve blocks, periarticular infiltration (PI), opioids, and coanalgesics, has been shown to effectively manage postoperative pain. Both adductor canal (AC) and PI have been shown to manage pain without significantly impairing motor function.

Folkbiology meets microbiology: a study of conceptual and behavioral change.

Health education can offer a valuable window onto conceptual and behavioral change. In Study 1, we mapped out 3rd-grade Chinese children's beliefs about causes of colds and flu and ways they can be prevented. We also explored older adults' beliefs as a possible source of the children's ideas.

Birds of a feather and birds flocking together: physical versus behavioral cues may lead to trait- versus goal-based group perception.

Entitativity perception refers to the perception of a collection of individuals as a group. The authors propose 2 perceptual-inferential bases of entitativity perception. First, perceivers would expect a collection of individuals with similar physical traits to possess common psychological traits.

Caring for relatives with serious mental illness at home: the experiences of family carers in Hong Kong.

This article describes a study recently carried out in Hong Kong. The aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of Chinese family carers in giving care to a relative with serious mental illness at home. Eight primary carers were selected, and data were collected through audiotaped, semistructured interviews in Cantonese.

Treating tumor-bearing mice with low-dose gamma-interferon plus tumor necrosis factor alpha to diminish immune suppressive granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells increases responsiveness to interleukin 2 immunotherapy.

Production of granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor by murine metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC-LN7) increases the number and distribution of GM progenitor cells that are suppressive to T cell responsiveness to interleukin 2 (IL-2). The presence of these GM suppressor cells can be diminished by treatment of LLC-LN7-bearing mice with low doses of 100 units IFN-gamma plus 10 units tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment of LLC-LN7-bearing mice with IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha to diminish GM suppressor cell presence would increase the responsiveness to IL-2 immune stimulatory therapy (100-1000 IU, twice daily for 5 days).

A gene-gender interaction affecting plasma lipoproteins in a genetic isolate.

The Hutterite Brethren are a genetic isolate characterized by high indices of relatedness and a communal agrarian lifestyle. We hypothesized that variation in their apolipoprotein (apo) E and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes would be associated with variation in fasting plasma lipoproteins. We measured plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and analyzed DNA for genotypes of apoE and LPL in 803 Hutterites.