RNF8 and RNF168 but not HERC2 are required for DNA damage-induced ubiquitylation in chicken DT40 cells.

The ubiquitylation cascade plays an important role in the recruitment of repair factors at DNA double-strand breaks. The involvement of a growing number of ubiquitin E3 ligases adds to the complexity of the DNA damage-induced ubiquitin signaling. Here we use the genetically tractable avian cell line DT40 to investigate the role of HERC2, RNF8 and RNF168 in the DNA damage-induced ubiquitylation pathway.

Cytogenetic findings in four malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary.

Short-term cultures of four malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary were cytogenetically analyzed. The primary tumor was examined in three cases, whereas in one case the sample was obtained from a residual tumor mass after chemotherapy. The tumor sampled after cytostatic treatment had a relatively simple karyotype with numerical changes that included pentasomy 12 and an i(1)(q10) as the only structural abnormality.

Monoclonal origin of endometriotic cysts.

Endometriosis-endometrial tissue in an ectopic site outside the uterus-is one of the most common gynecologic disorders. The pathogenesis of this disease is controversial; the two major theories implicate either metaplasia or metastatic spread. In the ovary, endometriosis sometimes appears as endometriotic cysts.

Isochromosome 1q as the sole karyotypic abnormality in a Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary.

Sertoli cell tumors are rare low-grade malignancies occurring in the testis and the ovary. No chromosome studies of this tumor type have yet been reported. We observed an extra i(1q) as the sole chromosome anomaly in an ovarian Sertoli cell tumor.

Prospective histopathologic malignancy grading to indicate the degree of postoperative treatment in early cervical carcinomas.

During a 9-year period, 92 women with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, FIGO stages IA1-IIA, were subjected to primary surgery according to Wertheim Meigs. Grading according to a malignancy grading score (MGS) and evaluation of tumor size before surgery together with surgical findings of positive nodes or insufficient surgical margin at the primary site were used to identify persons prospectively at high risk for relapse. Twenty-five women thus received postoperative treatment.

Progesterone receptors in vaginal tissue of post-menopausal women.

Progesterone receptors were measured in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions in vaginal tissue samples obtained from a total of 17 post-menopausal women. Ten of the women were given oestriol (E3) intravaginally 6-24 h before surgery, while the remaining 7 received no treatment. Cytosolic receptors were not detected in any of the 7 tissue samples from the untreated women, but nuclear receptors were present in two cases.

Nuclear estrogen receptors in human uterine arteries.

Specific binding of estradiol was measured in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of uterine arteries obtained from ten women (39-52 years of age) undergoing hysterectomy. Seven patients were menstruating regularly and three were perimenopausal. Whereas nuclear receptors could be quantified in all ten tissues, cytoplasmic receptors were detected only in four.

Increases in blood flow of the female rabbit urethra following low dose estrogens.

The effects of low doses (0.05 to 20 micrograms./kg.

Progesterone receptors in human vaginal tissue.

Specific progesterone receptors were measured in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of vaginal tissues obtained from 17 women between 33 and 53 years in age. Whereas nuclear receptors could be measured in 11 of 17 tissues examined, cytoplasmic receptors were detected in only four. The distribution of receptor-positive tissues was similar in the follicular and luteal phases and no significant difference was observed in the nuclear receptor concentration in the two phases.

Effect of oestrogen and progesterone on the blood flow in the lower urinary tract of the rabbit.

The effects of oestrogen and of oestrogen combined with progesterone were examined on the fractional distribution of cardiac output (blood flow) in the genitourinary tissues of the female rabbit. Oestradiol treatment significantly increased blood perfusion in the uterus, vagina and urethra but caused no change in the perfusion of the urinary bladder or the kidneys. The wet weight of the uterus and vagina increased significantly and in the urethra there was a tendency to weight gain following oestradiol treatment.

First-trimester diagnosis on chorionic villi obtained by direct vision technique.

An improved technique for direct vision chorionic biopsy that gives a clear view of the amniotic sac was developed. With this technique, used in 48 women prior to vacuum aspiration and in six cases for diagnosis (karyotyping or enzyme analysis), it was possible to obtain chorionic villi free from contamination by maternal tissue. It was also possible to pick out villi (rich in blood vessels and with abundant buds on their surface) found to be most capable of growing in vitro.

The unstable female urethra.

Four hundred forty-seven patients with urinary incontinence were examined at the outpatient clinic and then referred to urodynamic investigation by urethral pressure profile measurement and simultaneous urethrocystometry. On urodynamic investigation, 55 patients showed signs of an unstable urethra (momentary variations in urethral pressure exceeding an amplitude of 15 cm of water by or without registration of bladder instability). Urethral instability was found in 15 patients with stress incontinence, in 23 patients with urge incontinence, and in 13 patients with combined stress and urge incontinence (i.

Comparative urodynamic studies of continent and stress incontinent women in pregnancy and in the puerperium.

Twelve pregnant women were examined by urethral pressure profile measurement and simultaneous urethrocystometry early in pregnancy (weeks 12 to 16), in the thirty-eighth week, and 5 to 7 days after delivery. All patients reported symptoms of stress incontinence starting at an early 5 to 7 days after delivery. All patients reported symptoms of stress incontinence starting at an early gestational age, it was found that that the stress incontinent women, compared to 14 continent, healthy women from whom measurements were obtained earlier, had shorter urethral lengths.

Stress incontinence during pregnancy and in puerperium.

A retrospective follow-up investigation dealing with the frequency of stress incontinence was carried out among maternities at the Women's Clinic in Lund over a period of 15 months. Of 1400 newly-delivered women whose interviews were solicited, 1411 responded. Twenty-two percent indicated symptoms of stress incontinence.

The frequency of disorders of the lower urinary tract, urinary incontinence in particular, as evaluated by a questionnaire survey in a gynecological health control population.

Four thousand four hundred women were examined under the gynecological health control program in Malmö municipality during a period of 11 months. Nine hundred and forty-four (21 per cent) reported that they were troubled by disorders of the urinary tract. These women were given copies of a separate questionnaire, which was subsequently properly answered by 512 women.

The effect of danazol on the human female urethra.

The urethral pressure profile was recorded, at rest and under stress, from six women in fertile age, before and at the end of an eight-week treatment during which the probands received daily doses of 600 mg of Danazol. Only moderate decrease in maximum urethral pressure was established, at rest, though oestrogen production was markedly reduced. Reduction in transmission of intra-abdominal pressure to the urethra was registered under stress, but urethral closure pressure remained positive in all subjects.

Postpartum incontinence.

From a questionnaire survey dealing with urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after childbirth 62 women were randomly selected. These women underwent simultaneous urethrocystometry including urethral profile measurement 7--14 days after parturition. From the case history two groups of patients could be distinguished.

Urodynamic studies in normal pregnancy and in puerperium.

Fourteen primiparas (11 pregnant for the first time, and three with a history of one abortion) were examined during pregnancy to elucidate changes in parameters of importance of maintenance of urinary continence. Urethral pressure profile measurements and simultaneous urethrocystometry were carried out in the beginning of pregnancy (weeks 12 to 16), in the thirty-eighth week, and 5 to 7 days after delivery. Both the absolute and functional lengths of the urethra were found to increase throughout pregnancy by median values of 6.

Urethrocystometry as a routine method for the objective evaluation of women with urinary incontinence.

Over a 2-year period, 401 patients with urinary incontinence were examined at the Women's Clinics in Lund and Malmö and then investigated by urethral pressure profile measurement and simultaneous urethrocystometry. After full investigation the patients could be classified as follows: 214 (53.4%) had genuine stress incontinence, 48 (12.

Urodynamic studies of women with prolapse and stress incontinence before and after surgical repair.

Twenty-one women, 11 suffering from both prolapse and stress incontinence and 10 with prolapse only were investigated before and at different intervals after surgical repair of the disorders. The investigations comprised a gynaecological examination, urine culture, observation of residual urine and simultaneous urethro-cystometry including measurement of the urethral pressure profile.--The prolapse patients were operated upon by conventional Manchester technique.