The Sudden Death of Cardinal Decio Azzolino Junior (1623-1689), the Universal Heir of Queen Christina of Sweden: A Dropsy Case?

Cardinal Decio Azzolino Jr. (1623-1689), a leading figure at the Roman curia in the 17th century met in 1655 queen Christina of Sweden, arrived in Rome after her conversion to Roman Catholicism. The queen appointed the cardinal as her universal testamentary heir before her death on April 16th, 1689.

Alessio Spalla, court surgeon of Christina of Sweden and his unknown Queen's autopsy report.

Background: Queen Christina of Sweden, a prominent Early Modern European character, died in Rome on April 19th, 1689. The scarce literature published about her illness and death agrees about the cause of the death in the diagnosis of erysipelas, that did not appear externally with an ulcer, but became manifest in her blood, causing an inflammation of heart and lungs. The article underlines the essential contribution of the learned surgeons to the development of practical anatomy in the late Seventeenth century as illustrated by the specific case of the Queen's autopsy report by the court surgeon Alessio Spalla.

Novel Artificial Intelligence-Based Assessment of Imaging Biomarkers in Full-Thickness Macular Holes: Preliminary Data from a Pivotal Trial.

Artificial intelligence (AI)- and deep learning (DL)-based systems have shown significant progress in the field of macular disorders, demonstrating high performance in detecting retinal fluid and assessing anatomical changes during disease progression. This study aimed to validate an AI algorithm for identifying and quantifying prognostic factors in visual recovery after macular hole (MH) surgery by analyzing major optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers. This study included 20 patients who underwent vitrectomy for a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH).

Psycho-Emotional Well-Being in Caregivers of People with Acquired Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study on the Human Immersion Model during the Omicron Wave.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a "human immersion model" (HIM) in improving psychological well-being in caregivers of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) during the Omicron wave in Italy. Fifteen subjects affected by ABI, who attended our intensive neurorehabilitation unit from January to March 2022 and their caregivers were submitted to the HIM. This novel approach consisted of "real" long-lasting meetings between the patients and their careers in a hospital setting (1-72 h meeting per week for 8 weeks).

Women in the medical profession in 1900 from extended maternity to social equity. The life of Lucia Servadio.

The history of social medicine in Italy between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was characterised by a marked presence of gender and the consequent commitment of women of Jewish origin to the issues of early childhood education, as well as safeguarding of work and motherhood and health prevention with regard to social and cultural fragility. Some of the roles of women engaged in social medicine campaigns have been widely studied in the historiography of medicine, having recognized their roles and commitment to attempting to create a fair society through their expertise in medicine and health. However, there are some biographies and professional lives that are still unpublished and worthy of attention by historical medical research.

History of medicine in medical education: new Italian pathways.

Objective: There is little doubt that there are currently obstacles in measuring the impact of the history of medicine within medical training. Consequently, there is a clear need to support a vision that can historicize Euro-Western medicine, leading to a greater understanding of how the medical world is a distinct form of reality for those who are about to immerse themselves in the study of medicine.

Methods: History teaches that changes in medicine are due to the processes inherent to the interaction among individuals, institutions, and society rather than individual facts or individual authors.

An Inexpensive 3D Printed Mouse Model of Successful, Complication-free Long Bone Distraction Osteogenesis.

Unlabelled: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is used for skeletal defects; however, up to 50% of cases exhibit complications. Previous mouse models of long bone DO have been anecdotally hampered by postoperative complications, expense, and availability. To improve clinical techniques, cost-effective, reliable animal models are needed.

Measuring Disability among Migrants with Washington Group Tools: Reflections for Field Use.

Measuring disability among migrants is a significant challenge; however, there is no consensus on how to measure disability and functional limitations. The present study reports a methodological approach to measure disability in refugees and asylum seekers using Washington Group (WG) tools, namely the WG Short Set (WG-SS), the Short Set Enhanced (WG-SS-E), and the Extended Set on Functioning (WG-ES). We interviewed 161 migrants in different regions of Italy.

Repeat thyroid FNAC: Inter-observer agreement among high- and low-volume centers in Naples metropolitan area and correlation with the EU-TIRADS.

Our institution (University Hospital "L. Vanvitelli" - Naples, Italy) is a high-volume (HV) center in Naples metropolitan area and many patients are referred there to repeat thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) after initial FNAC performed in low-volume institutions (LV). The aims of the study were to 1) examine the inter-observer agreement between HV and LV institutions according to the Italian thyroid cytology system, and 2) explore how the discordant FNAC reports were distributed in the European Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (EU-TIRADS) categories.

A possible case of "kissing" osteochondroma and multiple enchondromas in a medieval skeleton from the church of Sant' Agostino in Caravate (Northern Italy).

This work presents the neoplastic bone changes found in the lower limb of a medieval skeleton from the church of Sant' Agostino in Caravate (Northern Italy). After briefly assessing the individual's overall pathological picture, a differential diagnosis for the neoplastic changes is now proposed. These changes were analysed macroscopically and radiographically and subsequently evaluated considering the paleopathological and clinical literature available.

Soft Skills Are Hard Skills-A Historical Perspective.

The increasingly swift changes in the field of medicine require a reassessment of the skills necessary for the training of technically qualified doctors. Today's physicians also need to be capable of managing the complex issue of personal relationships with patients. Recent pedagogical debates have focused on so-called "soft skills", whose acquisition is presented in literature as a quite recent addition to medical studies.

Exploring global needs of migrants with disability within a community-based inclusive development perspective.

Introduction: Limited evidence exists on migrants with disability. A comprehensive assessment is mandatory required to organize specific services within the community and reception centers. The present study explores needs of refugees and asylum seeker within a community-based inclusive development framework.

Exploring the Performance of Ultrasound Risk Stratification Systems in Thyroid Nodules of Pediatric Patients.

Neck ultrasound (nUS) is the cornerstone of clinical management of thyroid nodules in pediatric patients, as well as adults. The current study was carried out to explore and compare the diagnostic performance of the main US-based risk stratification systems (RSSs) (i.e.

Community-Based Rehabilitation Indicators: Validation and Preliminary Evidence for Disability in Italy.

Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is a multi-sectorial community strategy for guaranteeing that people with disabilities enjoy the same rights and opportunities as all other community members. CBR is organized in a five-component matrix-namely, health, education, social, livelihood, and empowerment. To measure the effectiveness of CBR, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed standardized indicators.

Thyroid surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a systematic review.

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, elective thyroid surgery is experiencing delays. The problem is that the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing. The research purposes were to systematically collect the literature data on the characteristics of those thyroid operations performed and to assess the safety/risks associated with thyroid surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Do certain rituals adapt to psychology or does psychology adapt to rites? Post mortem photography: the last "picture of life" in "death".

In death and mourning, why should we think that rites adapt to psychology and not vice-versa? Or believe that psychological workings grow into a rite or ritual? When analysing practices related to rites of passage, death emerges as a rupture - or breakage - of social status.

[Urban health and inequalities in highly socially marginalised settings in Rome].

Objectives: to describe hospitalisation, access to emergency care, and mortality of people living in marginalized urban areas which include public housing buildings in the North-West suburb of Rome, and to compare the results with those observed among people living in the neighbouring area.

Design: cross sectional study.

Setting And Participants: resident population in the XIII and XIV Municipality of Rome, subdivided into five urban areas, in 2011-2018.

Patients with adrenal insufficiency have cardiovascular features associated with hypovolemia.

Context: Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have excess mortality and morbidity, mainly due to cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The mechanisms for this is unclear.

Objective: To assess CV structure and function in AI patients on conventional replacement therapy and after switching to once-daily, modified-release hydrocortisone (OD-HC) in comparison with healthy matched controls.

Real-World Experience With a Tapered Biodegradable Polymer-Coated Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients With Long Coronary Artery Stenoses.

Background: Treatment of long coronary stenoses (LCS) with long tapered drug-eluting stents (LT-DES) would offer clinical and economic benefits. However, the feasibility of an interventional strategy based upon the systematic LCS treatment with an LT-DES has not been evaluated so far.

Methods: We performed a multicenter prospective study including consecutive patients with: 1) An LCS > 25 mm at coronary angiography; 2) An attempt to fix the LCS with a single BioMime Morph™ stent, a novel LT-DES available from 30 to 60 mm long.

Lithographic lecture notes. A tool of forensic medicine teaching. Observation on the lessons of Paolo Pellacani (1884-1885), forensic physician at the University of Pavia.

We focus our attention on the use of lithographed lecture notes written by professors, or more often by students, in the teaching of medicine and surgery courses, between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a period in which, to better understand the phenomena underlying life and death, collaboration between medical professionals and natural science researchers was intense (1). In particular, we analyzed the lithographed lecture notes of Professor Paolo Pellacani at the University of Pavia for the course of legal medicine.

Growth and development of children living in incarceration environments of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine nutritional status, psychomotor and socioemotional development of children living with mothers in prison in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Materials And Methods: Sex, age, weight and height were measured in children (37) residents with their mothers (28) in the Criminal Unit No. 33 of the SPB.

Public hygiene and funeral rituals during the Risorgimento: mummies and ashes.

Starting in 1865, regulations pursuant to public hygiene issued by the Unitary Government provided for administrative and political control of the funerary practice. Specifically, they regulated the management of cemeteries and the burials, increasingly drawing the funeral rituals from the control of the Church and of Catholicism, therefore secularising death for the construction of a new political religion. Hygiene became fundamental in order to promulgate cremation as a system of preserving the integrity of the bodies, preserving the ashes as a tangible and indestructible product of body matter and as a measure to protect public health by eliminating the risk of miasmatic pollution of the air caused by the cadaveric fumes.

Evaluation of BRAF, RAS, RET/PTC, and PAX8/PPARg alterations in different Bethesda diagnostic categories: A multicentric prospective study on the validity of the 7-gene panel test in 1172 thyroid FNAs deriving from different hospitals in South Italy.

Background: Thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a reliable and cost-effective diagnostic tool for establishing the nature of thyroid nodules, although up to 30% of FNAs are still classified as "indeterminate." Molecular testing of FNAs could improve preoperative diagnosis, thereby reducing unnecessary surgery. In this multicenter prospective study the authors investigated, using a 7-gene assay, the distribution and diagnostic impact of BRAF, RAS, RET/PTC, and PAX8/PPARg, the most frequent genomic alterations occurring during thyroid oncogenesis.