Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment.

Despite an opportunity to prevent adult psychopathology associated with bipolar disorder through early diagnosis in children, there is insufficient information and awareness among healthcare providers about the unique features and treatment of mania and its comorbid conditions in children. Converging evidence from disparate sites describe a developmentally distinct presentation of bipolar disorder in youth that is highly morbid, persistent and responds to treatment with the mood stabilizer medications used in the treatment of adult bipolar disorder, such as divalproex sodium and carbamazepine. Some are additionally approved for use in pediatric populations including, for manic or mixed states, risperidone, aripiprazole, and asenapine for those aged 10-17 years and also including lithium and olanzapine for ages 13-17 years.

Hypokalemic thyrotoxic paralysis: a rare cause of tetraparesis with acute onset in Europeans.

We describe a 21-year-old Italian male affected by hypokalemic tetraparesis with acute onset. In the emergency ward, the patient was agitated, with tachycardia (140/min) and systolic hypertension (180/70 mm Hg). He was not able to flex the lower extremities against a light resistance and furthermore, he was hypotonic and without tendon reflexes.

[Diabetic bullosis. A case report].

Bullosis diabeticorum is a very rare complication of diabetes; few more than fifty cases have been reported in literature. We report on an 80-year-old man with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who showed bullosis diabeticorum relapsing at the leg. We describe the cutaneous feature and the procedure carried out.