Pancreatoduodenal junction: review of anatomy and pathologic conditions.

Introduction: The pancreatoduodenal junction is a small anatomic area where pathologic processes involving the distal bile duct, duodenum, pancreatic head, ampulla de Vater, and retroperitoneum converge. Differential diagnosis includes a spectrum of entities that ranges from anatomical variants to malignancies.

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to review the anatomy and different pathologic conditions, whether tumoral, inflammatory, or congenital in origin, in this specific area that involves the pancreatic head, duodenum, duodenal ampulla, distal pancreatobiliary tract junction, and retroperitoneum.

[Gastric perforation associated with Candida infection].

Notable causes of gastroduodenal ulcer are Helicobacter pylori infection, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, neoplastic disease, acid hypersecretory states and secondary peptic ulcer disease. There are case reports of healthy patients or those with risk factors for fungal infection who develop gastroduodenal ulcer perforation associated with the presence of fungi in ascitic fluid or gastroduodenal ulcer tissue but without the above-mentioned etiological factors. Thus, other factors and pathogens may be involved in the pathogenesis of perforation.