Narrative review on the management of moderate-severe atopic dermatitis in pediatric age of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Dermatology (SIDerP) and of the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP).

Currently, there are a few detailed guidelines on the overall management of children and adolescents with moderate-severe atopic dermatitis. AD ​​is a complex disease presenting with different clinical phenotypes, which require an individualized and multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, appropriate interaction between primary care pediatricians, pediatric allergists, and pediatric dermatologists is crucial to finding the best management strategy.

Correction to: Case report: acute clinical presentation and neonatal management of primary hyperparathyroidism due to a novel CaSR mutation.

In the published article [1], an error has been noticed in the author group section.

Case report: acute clinical presentation and neonatal management of primary hyperparathyroidism due to a novel CaSR mutation.

Background: Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of calcium homeostasis, characterized by striking hyperparathyroidism, marked hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroid bone disease. We report the case of a newborn with a novel homozygous mutation of the CaSR, treated by successful subtotal parathyroidectomy, who had an acute presentation of the disease, i.e.

Correlation between vitamin D serum levels and passive smoking exposure in children with asthma.

Objective: To establish the relationship between vitamin D serum levels, pulmonary function, asthma control, and passive smoking exposure in children with asthma.

Methods: We studied the relationship between 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol (25[OH]D) concentrations and baseline spirometry and levels of asthma control, and the effect of parental tobacco smoke exposure in 152 white children (84 boys [55.3%]) with a mean age ± standard deviation of 9.

Effect of montelukast on markers of airway remodeling in children with asthma.

Background: Asthma is a pathology characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of montelukast treatment on markers of airway inflammation and remodeling in children with mild asthma and to evaluate if the administration of montelukast to children with mild asthma could inhibit the release of matrix metallopeptidase 9, matrix metallopeptidase 12, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, transforming growth factor beta 1, C-peptide terminal procollagen type (PICP), and eosinophils count, which are markers of inflammation and remodeling in induced sputum.

Methods: Thirty children with mild asthma were recruited.

Pollen-induced allergic rhinitis in 1360 Italian children: comorbidities and determinants of severity.

Background: Pollen-induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) is highly prevalent and rapidly evolving during childhood. General practitioners may not be fully aware of the nature and severity of symptoms experienced by patients and might underestimate the prevalence of moderate or severe disease. Thus, the relevance of early diagnosis and intervention may be overlooked.

Respiratory epithelial imbalances in asthma pathophysiology.

The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves a number of factors including atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity. A strong body of evidence suggests that structural and functional respiratory epithelial alterations play a crucial role in both development and persistence of this condition. From the onset of symptoms the airways epithelium of asthmatic patients seems to be altered and unable to repair.

Rapid diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia: cell culture and soft computing analysis.

Diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) sometimes requires repeated nasal brushing to exclude secondary ciliary alterations. Our aim was to evaluate whether the use of a new method of nasal epithelial cell culture can speed PCD diagnosis in doubtful cases and to identify which are the most informative parameters by means of a multilayer artificial neural network (ANN). A cross-sectional study was performed in patients with suspected PCD.

Nasal mucosa temperature as a marker of disease in children with allergic rhinitis.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure by an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa. This study was designed to investigate the role of nasal mucosa temperature in AR.

Methods: We investigated the relationship between eosinophilic infiltration, nasal obstruction, and nasal mucosa temperature in 35 children with rhinitis aged 6-12 years.

Evaluation of pulmonary disease using static lung volumes in primary ciliary dyskinesia.

Background: In primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) lung damage is usually evaluated by high-resolution CT (HRCT).

Objective: To evaluate whether HRCT abnormalities and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were better predicted by spirometry or plethysmography.

Methods: A cross-sectional study performed in consecutive patients with PCD who underwent sputum culture, spirometry, plethysmography and HRCT within 48 h.

Evaluation of association between exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and childhood asthma control test questionnaire scores in children.

Objective: Asthma control represents a major challenge in the management of asthmatic children; however, correct perception of control is poor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between subjective answers given to the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and objective evaluation of exercise-induced bronchonstriction (EIB) by standardized treadmill exercise challenge.

Methods: EIB was evaluated by standardized treadmill exercise challenge and related to C-ACT scores in 92 asthmatic children.

Exhaled breath temperature and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children.

It has been hypothesized that exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is related to the degree of airway inflammation/remodeling in asthma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the level of airway response to exercise and EBT in a group of controlled or partly controlled asthmatic children. Fifty asthmatic children underwent measurements of EBT before and after a standardized exercise test.

Time-effect of montelukast on protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Introduction: Montelukast has been proven to assure a protective effect against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Aim: To verify exactly when montelukast begins protection in asthmatic children by evaluating different time intervals between dosing and challenge.

Methods: In a double blind, placebo-controlled, three day doses, crossover study, patients were randomized to receive in sequence treatment with either a placebo or montelukast and assigned to one of seven groups that were tested 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h after drug administration, respectively.

Monitoring asthma control in children with allergies by soft computing of lung function and exhaled nitric oxide.

Background: Asthma control is emphasized by new guidelines but remains poor in many children. Evaluation of control relies on subjective patient recall and may be overestimated by health-care professionals. This study assessed the value of spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements, used alone or in combination, in models developed by a machine learning approach in the objective classification of asthma control according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines and tested the model in a second group of children with asthma.

Vitamin D serum levels and markers of asthma control in Italian children.

Objective: To establish the relationship between vitamin D serum levels, pulmonary function, and asthma control in children.

Study Design: We studied the relationship between 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] concentrations and baseline spirometry and levels of asthma control, assessed according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines and the Childhood Asthma Control Test, in 75 children with asthma (age range 5-11 years; 43 males) in a cross-sectional study carried out during the winter and early spring.

Results: Only 9.