Evaluation of a Cytology-Molecular Co-Test in Liquid-Based Cytology-Processed Urine for Defining Indeterminate Categories of the Paris System.

Introduction: Urine cytology using the Paris system (TPS) classification is useful for the detection and monitoring of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, the categories "atypical urothelial cells" (AUCs) and "suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma" (SHGUC) do not establish a clear diagnosis. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether the presence of mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) genes, in urine processed with liquid-based cytology (LBC) could enhance the diagnostic performance of cytology, particularly in defining the indeterminate categories of AUC and SHGUC.

Mutational profile of primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma predicts recurrence and potential candidacy for adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition.

Background: The risk of recurrence after nephrectomy for primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is estimated in daily practice solely based on clinical criteria. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic relevance of common somatic mutations with respect to tumor aggressiveness and outcomes of ccRCC patients after definitive treatment.

Methods: Primary tumors from 37 patients with ccRCC who underwent radical nephrectomy were analyzed for presence of somatic mutations using a 15-gene targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel.

The Immune Landscape and Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Platinum-Refractory Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are cancers with very good prognosis, even in the metastatic setting, with high curative potential mainly attributed to the introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, approximately 15% of the patients develop platinum-refractory disease and suffer multiple relapses. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic agents with improved efficacy and minimal long-term side effects.

Characterization of a miRNA Signature with Enhanced Diagnostic and Prognostic Power for Patients with Bladder Carcinoma.

Bladder carcinoma is globally among the most prevalent cancers and is associated with a high mortality rate at advanced stages. Its detection relies on invasive diagnostic methods that are unpleasant for the patient. Non-invasive molecular biomarkers, such as miRNAs, could serve as alternatives for early detection and prognosis of this malignancy.

Radiofrequency-assisted, laparoscopic, clampless partial nephrectomy in patients with low-complexity small renal tumors: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: This single-center, retrospective study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency-assisted (RF), laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (PN) with zero ischemia in patients with low-complexity small renal tumors.

Materials And Methods: Patients with small renal masses (SRMs) who underwent laparoscopic, clampless laparoscopic partial nephrectomy - radiofrequency assisted (LPN-RFA) between January 2016 and June 2020 were studied. Demographics, clinical and pathological characteristics, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were recorded.

Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Rare Malignancy with Distinct Immuno-Genomic Features in the Era of Precision-Based Therapies.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy, occurring in 5-10% of patients diagnosed with UC, and involves the renal pelvis, calyces, or ureters. UTUC can be sporadic or hereditary as a clinical manifestation of Lynch syndrome. Therapeutic management of these patients is challenging.

Complete Vascular Replacement of the Infrarenal Inferior Vena Cava and Abdominal Aorta during Post-Chemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for a Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the leading cause of cancer-related death in males between the ages of 20 and 40. In the advanced stages, the combination of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgical excision of the remaining tumor can cure many of these patients. Vascular procedures may be required during retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in order to achieve the complete excision of all residual retroperitoneal masses.

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2-Altered Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical and Genomic Features.

Hypoxia is recognized as a key feature of cancer growth and is involved in various cellular processes, including proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune surveillance. Besides hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), which is the main mediator of hypoxia effects and can also be activated under normoxic conditions, little is known about its counterpart, HIF-2. This study focused on investigating the clinical and molecular landscape of HIF-2-altered urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma single urinary bladder metastasis: a case report and review of the literature.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent solid lesion accounting for ~90% of all kidney malignancies. Clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) represents the most frequent subtype. Urinary bladder is a rare metastatic site either synchronous or metachronous.

Boosting artificial nicotinamide cofactor systems.

Developing inexpensive nicotinamide cofactor biomimetics to replace the expensive NAD(P)/H cofactors is an ongoing research activity. Here we present mutational studies on a thermostable glucose dehydrogenase from (GDH) using a novel set of synthetic cofactors. Furthermore, we show the successful oxidation of a variety of different sugars in the context of cofactor regeneration.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor-adult cystic nephroma of the kidney: a case report with immunohistochemical analysis.

The mixed epithelial and stromal tumor family of kidney contain neoplasms with biphasic epithelial and stromal component. According to the 2016 World Health Organization Classification, they encompasses a spectrum of tumors ranging from predominantly cystic tumors (adult cystic nephroma) to tumors that are variably solid (Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor-MESTs). We present the case of a 20-year-old woman with an adult cystic nephroma which was verified by immunohistochemical examination.

Learning curves in laparoscopic and robot-assisted prostate surgery: a systematic search and review.

Purpose: To perform a systematic search and review of the available literature on the learning curves (LCs) in laparoscopic and robot-assisted prostate surgery.

Methods: Medline was systematically searched from 1946 to January 2021 to detect all studies in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, reporting on the LC in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), laparoscopic simple prostatectomy (LSP), robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RSP).

Results: In total, 47 studies were included for qualitative synthesis evaluating a single technique (LRP, RARP, LSP, RSP; 45 studies) or two techniques (LRP and RARP; 2 studies).

Endothelin-1 indicates unfavorable prognosis in primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer.

Objective: To conduct a prospective study of the potential prognostic role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in a cohort of primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer patients, who were treated with adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

Material And Methods: Patients with primary high-grade nonmuscle- invasive urothelial bladder cancer, who received postoperatively induction and maintenance BCG therapy, were prospectively included. Recurrence and progression were histologically proven.

Biomarkers in Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Theranostics.

Theranostics of prostate cancer (PC) represents a growing area of development of imaging agents and targeted radionuclide therapeutics against a major target, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). In view of the encouraging efficacy from the use of Lu and other radionuclides in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), it is becoming increasingly important to identify surrogate markers that can help predict which patients are more likely to respond and experience improved survival. This review discusses potential predictors of efficacy of PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapies (TRT) segregated in three major categories: imaging, clinical and molecular.

carba Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate: Robust Cofactor for Redox Biocatalysis.

Here we report a new robust nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate cofactor analog (carba-NADP ) and its acceptance by many enzymes in the class of oxidoreductases. Replacing one ribose oxygen with a methylene group of the natural NADP was found to enhance stability dramatically. Decomposition experiments at moderate and high temperatures with the cofactors showed a drastic increase in half-life time at elevated temperatures since it significantly disfavors hydrolysis of the pyridinium-N-glycoside bond.

Adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer: Focus on muscle and bone health.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most effective systemic treatment for prostate cancer and can be succeeded either surgically or pharmaceutically. Both approaches lead to hypogonadism with a large variety of adverse events, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, gynecomastia and sexual dysfunction. In addition, undesirable effects on muscle and bone health may have a significant impact not only on the quality of life but also on life expectancy.

Production of Propene from n-Butanol: A Three-Step Cascade Utilizing the Cytochrome P450 Fatty Acid Decarboxylase OleT.

Propene is one of the most important starting materials in the chemical industry. Herein, we report an enzymatic cascade reaction for the biocatalytic production of propene starting from n-butanol, thus offering a biobased production from glucose. In order to create an efficient system, we faced the issue of an optimal cofactor supply for the fatty acid decarboxylase OleT , which is said to be driven by either NAD(P)H or H O .

Management of Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Case-series.

Liver cirrhosis is a major risk factor for increased mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing non-hepatic surgery with overall mortality rates as high as 45-50%. However, cirrhotic patients are often in need of surgical procedures including urological surgeries like cystectomies for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Data on the prognosis of these patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer are scarce in the literature.

Biomimetic cofactors and methods for their recycling.

Nicotinamide cofactor biomimetics (NCBs) belong to a class of compounds that, as the name suggests, mimic the structures and functions of natural nicotinamide cofactors, namely nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and their corresponding reduced forms. The first set of NCBs was discovered in the 1930s; these were initially used to study the chemical properties of this class of cofactors as well as understand nicotinamide binding of oxidoreductases. Since then, various NCBs, enzymes, and recycling systems have evolved and lately, new NCBs have been developed and used to run biocatalytic reactions.

Association of Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality disorder with violent crimes and homicides in Greek prisons.

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) have been associated with both violent crimes and homicides in many studies. The proportion of PDs among prisoners reaches up to 80%. For male prisoners, the most common PD in the literature is antisocial PD.

Primary High-Grade Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: High NFκB Expression in Tumor Specimens Distinguishes Patients Who are at Risk for Disease Progression.

To investigate the potential prognostic role of NFκB expression in primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Patients with primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who received induction and maintenance BCG therapy were retrospectively included. Recurrence and progression were histologically proven.

Adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer: focus on metabolic complications.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most effective treatment for this disease. The cornerstone of the treatment of prostate cancer is inhibition of testosterone production which interrupts testosterone-induced growth of the prostate tumor. The dramatic decrease in testosterone levels, however, has several undesirable effects on the metabolic profile and bone metabolism and can also lead to fatigue, loss of libido, gynecomastia, and anemia, provoke vasomotor flushing, and generally affect the quality of life.