From Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurochemistry to Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Treatments. Report of Four Patients.

Analysis of classical cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, especially when incorporated in a classification/diagnostic system such as the AT(N), may offer a significant diagnostic tool allowing correct identification of Alzheimer's disease during life. We describe four patients with more or less atypical or mixed clinical presentation, in which the classical cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers amyloid peptide with 42 and 40 amino acids (Aβ and Aβ, respectively), phospho-tau (τ) and total tau (τ) were measured. Despite the unusual clinical presentation, the biomarker profile was compatible with Alzheimer's disease in all four patients.

[Stress and pathophysiological mechanisms for the development of psychosomatic disease].

According to the biopsychosocial model, disease is the dysfunctional resultant of various fields of human function (biological, psychological, behavioral, socioeconomic). This article deals with the psycho-biological field of Psychosomatic research, namely, the effect of stress on the body. The human organism, in the prospect of evolution, has developed biological mechanisms for maintaining its homeostasis (ομοιόσταση), in its interchange with the stressor stimuli.