The Time of Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Congenital Cryptorchidism: A Single Center's Observational Study in Greece.

Purpose: Congenital cryptorchidism or undescended testes (UDT) is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in newborns. Current guidelines recommend that surgical management should be scheduled by the 12th month and no later than the 18th month of the child's life. This is the first study to evaluate the age of diagnosis and surgical treatment of children with UDT in Greece, as well as the compliance with current guidelines worldwide.

Laparoscopic-Assisted Anorectoplasty for Anorectal Malformation With Recto-Prostatic Urethral Fistula: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Congenital recto-urethral fistula is the most common form of anorectal malformation found in boys. The final repair includes the ligation of the fistula and the anorectoplasty, and can be achieved either way: posterior sagitally or laparoscopically. We present a case of a term male infant diagnosed with anorectal malformation and recto-prostatic urethral fistula, that underwent a laparoscopic-assisted posterior sagittal anorectoplasty in our department.

Surgical Management of Arteriovenous Malformation of the Penis in an Adolescent Boy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are common benign lesions, present at birth. Although they may occur anywhere in the body, usually they are found on the head, the neck, and the extremities. AVMs of the glans penis are very rare.

Acute Appendicitis Following COVID-19 Infection in Pediatric Patients: A Single Center's Study in Greece.

Purpose: This study investigated the potential association between the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive infection, as well as vaccination, and the presentation of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients. It has been three years since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and city lockdowns and self-protective measures have been applied worldwide. In an effort to contribute to the research on the probable long-term complications of the COVID-19 infection as well as the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, the current study was designed and investigated patients' health records in the post-quarantine era.

Ceftriaxone Administration Associated with Lithiasis in Children: Guilty or Not? A Systematic Review.

Lithiasis is a known side effect of ceftriaxone administration in children. Sex, age, weight, dosage, and duration of intake have been reported as risk factors for the formation of calcification or stones in the bile and urine excretory systems of children who received ceftriaxone. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the reported effects of ceftriaxone administration in pediatric patients who were admitted to a hospital due to infection, the likelihood of gallstones, nephroliths, or precipitations in both the biliary and urinary systems, as well as investigate the relationship with their mother's history during pregnancy.

Post-appendectomy abdominal pain attributed to incidental ovarian cyst: a case report.

Acute abdominal pain in adolescents has a multitude of diagnoses to consider ranging from life-threating ones to other less obvious. In this case report, a 15-year-old girl presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and tenderness one month after successful surgical management of acute appendicitis. Post-appendectomy abdominal pain could easily be attributed to post-operative complications, while, in reality, a different disease state may be the cause of the pain.

Orchidopexy for congenital cryptorchidism in childhood and adolescence and testicular cancer in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Congenital cryptorchidism is a well-established risk factor of testicular malignancies. However, there is still remarkable variability in the measures of associations between of these two clinical entities. The current meta-analysis investigates the up-to-date risk of testicular cancer in adults with a history of surgically corrected congenital cryptorchidism until adolescence.

Classification systems of acute appendicitis as an indicator for paediatric surgical consultation of children with acute abdominal pain.

Aim: This study examined if the classification systems for acute appendicitis could be applied in the emergency department as an indicator for surgical consultation, in order to reduce unnecessary paediatric surgery admission.

Methods: The Alvarado Score (ALS) and the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) were applied. The decisions for hospitalisation and treatment were made independent of the scores.

A well-hidden esophageal foreign body in an 11-year-old boy treated for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a case report.

Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children with developmental disorders could be often confusing. Especially when considering accidental foreign body ingestion, with no acute signs or symptoms of choking. We hereby present a case of an 11-year-old male with a well-hidden esophageal foreign body who was already treated for GERD and finally diagnosed with a hidden foreign esophageal object, ingested 12 months ago.

Partial epididymal rupture and spermatic cord haematoma with an associated secondary testicular torsion due to blunt scrotal injury, in a 12-year-old boy.

Scrotal injuries are not very common in children and are mostly due to blunt trauma from direct injury, sports injuries or motor vehicle accidents. Traumatic testicular torsion in children has been also infrequently reported in the literature. To ensure testicular salvage, an urgent and specialised diagnosis and management are necessary.

Asymptomatic autoamputation of ovary and fallopian tube in a 2 days newborn: a case report.

Automatic amputation of the ovary represents a rather uncommon condition. Especially asymptomatic autoamputation is an even more unusual laparoscopic finding. We hereby present a case of a 2-days´-old infant with a prenatal ultrasound (US) diagnosis of a cystic mass, laparoscopically proved as an amputated right adnexa.

Crush syndrome in a case of severe infant physical abuse: a case report.

Crush syndrome, also known as traumatic rhabdomyolysis, is the result of the disruption of skeletal muscle fibers with the release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream. Although trauma is the main trigger for rhabdomyolysis in adults, in the pediatric population viral infections and inherited disorders seem to be the most frequent causes. Only a few reports in the literature mention rhabdomyolysis secondary to non-accidental pediatric trauma.

Is there an association between necrotizing enterocolitis in premature neonates and functional gastrointestinal disorders later in childhood?

Background: Stressful events during infancy may predispose to the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in childhood.

Aims: To evaluate the association of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with childhood FGIDs.

Methods: We conducted a study, comparing 29 children of eight to ten years with a history of NEC with 58 children with no history of NEC.

Laparoscopic-assisted excision of a huge polycystic omental lymphangioma in a 3 year old patient presenting with acute abdomen: case report and review.

Lymphangioma is a rare benign neoplasm affecting mainly children. In this report we present a complicated case of polycystic omental lymphangioma in a 3 year old female presenting with acute abdomen. The patient underwent a laparoscopic-assisted excision of the lesion and had an excellent postoperative course.

Right sided Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia appeared as a life-threatening event in an infant: a case report.

We report a case of a 5-month-old female infant who presented with a cardiorespiratory distress and shock. After thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan, a right sided Bochdalek hernia was diagnosed with massive herniation of the abdominal viscera causing mediastinal shift. The girl underwent emergency laparotomy, which confirmed the right sided diaphragmatic hernia with herniation of small bowel and colon.

Frontal bone fibrous dysplasia in a 6-months-old boy: A distinctive entity.

Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) is a non-malignant condition caused by post-zygotic, activating mutations of the GNAS gene that results in inhibition of the differentiation and proliferation of bone-forming stromal cells and leads to the replacement of normal bone and marrow by fibrous tissue and woven bone. The clinical behavior and progression of FD is variable. The management of this condition is difficult and in every case is strictly individualized.

Untypical symptoms for rather uncommon surgical entities: report of two rare cases of secondary intussusception in children (a case report).

Intussusception in infants and children represents a relatively usual challenge for the pediatric surgeon. However, the incidence of lymphoma of the small intestine or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, acting as a lead point for invagination, are rather rare. We hereby present two cases of secondary intussusception, with the aforementioned lead points.

Endoscopic Injection Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: Meeting with the Factors Involved in the Success Rate.

The challenges and controversies in vesicoureteral reflux intervention guidelines resulted in a more individualized treatment planning. Endoscopic injection therapy is now widely used and is considered preferable, but still remains less successful than ureteral reimplantation. Τhe endoscopic vesicoureteral reflux approach should be risk-adapted to current knowledge, so more experience and longer-term follow-up are needed.

Testis-Sparing Surgery for Non-Palpable Leydig Cell Tumors in Prepubertal Children.

Leydig cell tumor (LCT) is an infrequent stromal neoplasm of the testis with an incidence of less than 3% of all gonadal tumors in the general male population. Only 25% is found in prepubertal children, where Leydig cell tumors are always reported benign. The hospital records of two prepubertal male children, who underwent organ sparing surgery for testicular LCT the last five years, were retrospectively reviewed.

Incarcerated Umbilical Hernia in a 14-Month-Old Female: A Rare Case of Bowel Strangulation.

An umbilical hernia, although considered a benign condition of childhood, may rarely manifest with serious complications such as incarceration and viscous organ strangulation. One such case is presented in this report in an attempt to enrich the current literature, due to the relative lack of data in regard to complicated umbilical hernias in children and definite guidelines regarding the monitoring and management of uncomplicated cases. In addition, we discuss some of the latest advancements concerning the matter at issue.

Endoscopic treatment of obstructive ureterohydronephrosis in children.

Obstructive ureterohydronephrosis in childhood population is a matter of debate between paediatric surgeons and paediatricians, as far as the therapeutic protocol that should be applied. Close observation, chemoprophylaxis, endoscopic and surgical approaches are the universally used techniques that provide quality of life in the paediatric patients. Undoubtedly, "the less is more" even when we have to encounter obstructive ureterohydronephrosis in children.

Abdominal Lymphangioma and Hemangioma in a Newborn.

Abdominal hemangiolymphangioma (HLA) in neonates is a rare condition that demands surgical intervention after a complete preoperative diagnostic approach. The differential diagnosis and the establishment of a therapeutic algorithm is a challenge, both for the neonatologists and the pediatric surgeons, because there is no consensus in the management of HLAs in infancy according to the literature. We report a rare case of abdominal HLA in a female newborn that was admitted to our pediatric surgery department with a prenatal diagnosis of an abdominal cystic tumor.