GPT-Driven Radiology Report Generation with Fine-Tuned Llama 3.

The integration of deep learning into radiology has the potential to enhance diagnostic processes, yet its acceptance in clinical practice remains limited due to various challenges. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a fine-tuned large language model (LLM), based on Llama 3-8B, to automate the generation of accurate and concise conclusions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) radiology reports, thereby assisting radiologists and improving reporting efficiency. A dataset comprising 15,000 radiology reports was collected from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova's Imaging Center, covering a diverse range of MRI and CT examinations made by four experienced radiologists.

Correlation between DWI-ASPECTS Score, Ischemic Stroke Volume on DWI, Clinical Severity and Short-Term Prognosis: A Single-Center Study.

Ischemic stroke is a significant public health concern, with its incidence expected to double over the next 40 years, particularly among individuals over 75 years old. Previous studies, such as the DAWN trial, have highlighted the importance of correlating clinical severity with ischemic stroke volume to optimize patient management. Our study aimed to correlate the clinical severity of ischemic stroke, as assessed by the NIHSS score, with ischemic stroke volume measured using DWI, and short-term prognosis quantified by the mRS score at discharge.

Refined Detection and Classification of Knee Ligament Injury Based on ResNet Convolutional Neural Networks.

Currently, medical imaging has largely supplanted traditional methods in the realm of diagnosis and treatment planning. This shift is primarily attributable to the non-invasive nature, rapidity, and user-friendliness of medical-imaging techniques. The widespread adoption of medical imaging, however, has shifted the bottleneck to healthcare professionals who must analyze each case post-image acquisition.

CT Imaging Patterns in Major Histological Types of Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer ranks as the second most prevalent cancer globally and is the primary contributor to neoplastic-related deaths. The approach to its treatment relies on both tumour staging and histological type determination. Data indicate that the prognosis of lung cancer is strongly linked to its clinical stage, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis in enhancing patient outcomes.

Prenatal Diagnosis and Prognosis of Abdominal Arteriovenous Fistulae: A Comprehensive Case Series and Systematic Review.

This study had two main objectives. Firstly, we conducted a thorough literature review on the prenatal diagnosis of abdominal congenital arteriovenous fistulas (CAVFs) involving the abdominal aorta and hepatic arteries. Secondly, we aimed to provide detailed descriptions of eight additional cases diagnosed at our medical center and assess the outcome of this anomaly for informed counseling.

Should PI-RADS 3 be Subclassified According to ADC Values in the Transition Zone?

The premise of this paper starts from the fact that a more precise definition related to the intensity of the lesions on the ADC sequence can lead to a new subclassification of PI-RADS 3 lesions in the transitional zone and to an improvement of the specificity of the PI-RADS classification. The study was retrospective and included only patients who, based on prostate MRI examinations, contained exclusively PI-RADS 3 lesions, without other PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions. The number of cases that meet all these conditions was reduced to 18, where a series of characteristics were noted for each one: PI-RADS 3 lesion area on the ADC sequence, the minimum and average ADC value of the lesion, the average ADC value of the transitional zone outside the lesion, PSA, prostatic volume, PSA density and biopsy result.

Is the Ellipsoid Formula Reliable in Prostate MRI?

Our study seeks to study the accuracy of the ellipsoidal formula in prostate MRI of different sizes and to establish the limits of its use. The study included 31 patients with a well-visualized, intact prostatic capsule, excluding malignantly transformed prostates, as well as treated prostates, in which the contrast between the prostatic capsule and parenchyma is reduced. Each patient's prostatic volume was recalculated according to the ellipsoidal formula, and then it was compared with the prostatic volume calculated by the segmentation method.

Can MRI Accurately Diagnose and Stage Endometrial Adenocarcinoma?

: Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common gynecological cancers, and benign lesions such as endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, adenomyosis and leiomyomas should be included in the differential diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in evaluating endometrial cancer and assessing the depth of myometrial invasion, and it closely correlates with the prognosis of the patient. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the MRI semiology of the endometrial carcinomas that mimic benign lesions, the main factors that may affect the correct diagnosis and the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the depth of the myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer.

Intracardiac mass presenting as acute myocardial infarction.

Cardiac tumors, although rare, present intricate diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, necessitating timely intervention for optimal patient outcomes. This case report focuses on a 65-year-old woman admitted with chest pain and loss of consciousness, ultimately diagnosed with a left ventricular cardiac myxoma. The patient's presentation mimicked acute coronary syndrome, highlighting the diagnostic complexity associated with cardiac tumors.

Vertebral Artery Dissection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Arterial dissection is the result of blood entering along the intima-media plane through a breach produced either spontaneously or traumatically. Cervical arterial dissections are an important cause of acute ischemic stroke in children, young adults, and patients with cranio-cervical traumatic injuries. Arterial dissections occur either spontaneously, in genetic diseases, the most important association being with fibromuscular dysplasia.

Diagnosis and treatment of Watershed strokes: a narrative review.

Watershed strokes have been described previously as ischemic strokes located in vulnerable border zones between brain tissue supplied by the anterior, posterior, and middle cerebral arteries in the distal junction between two non-anastomotic arterial territories. Ischemic strokes in border zones are well-recognized entities and well-described in terms of imaging features, but the pathophysiological mechanism of brain injury production is not fully defined. Border zone ischemia is caused by cerebral hypoperfusion through decreased cerebral blood flow and arterial embolism in unstable atheroma plaque.

Assessment of Ileal Crohn's Disease Activity by Gastrointestinal Ultrasound and MR Enterography: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: In some cases, there may be a discrepancy between the symptomatology alleged by Crohn's disease (CD) patients and the results of laboratory tests or imaging investigations. Ileocolonoscopy with biopsy is the primary investigation for diagnosing and monitoring CD patients. Cross-sectional imaging techniques such as CT or MR enterography (MRE) and intestinal ultrasonography (IUS) have been proposed as complementary methods to colonoscopy for a complete evaluation of this category of patients.

A rare subcutaneous periorbital zoonotic infection in a 42-year-old female patient.

Human dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic infectious disorder caused by parasites belonging to the Dirofilaria genus, which includes numerous species with a large variability regarding the host specificity, life cycle, and clinical manifestations. This disease appears to be a vector-borne parasitosis that is spread through insects - intermediate hosts (usually mosquitos) - and affects several carnivores as definitive hosts. Humans represent an unsuitable host for the parasite to complete its life cycle, being unable to release microfilariae in the blood as the inoculated larvae fail to reach sexual maturity.

Multimodality Cardiac Imaging in COVID-19 Infection.

COVID-19 infection often produces cardiovascular complications, which can range from mild to severe and influence the overall prognosis. Imaging is the cornerstone for diagnosing initial COVID-19 cardiovascular involvement as well as treatment guidance. In this review, we present the current state of the literature on this subject while also emphasizing possible algorithms for indicating and executing these investigations.

Clinicopathological Analysis of Complicated Colorectal Cancer: A Five-Year Retrospective Study from a Single Surgery Unit.

Patients with primary colorectal cancer can present with obstructions, tumor bleeding, or perforations, which represent acute complications. This paper aimed to analyze and compare the clinical and pathological profiles of two patient groups: one with colorectal cancer and a related complication and another without any specific complication. We performed a five-year retrospective study on colorectal cancer patients admitted to a surgery unit and comparatively explored the main clinical and pathological features of the tumors belonging to the two groups.

Transperineal Prostate Biopsy Targeted by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cognitive Fusion.

Prostate cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Currently, the most reliable and widely used imaging test for prostate cancer diagnosis is multiparametric pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Modern biopsy techniques are based on the computerised merging of ultrasound and MRI images to provide better vision during the biopsy procedure (Fusion Biopsy).

Tumor Area Highlighting Using T2WI, ADC Map, and DWI Sequence Fusion on bpMRI Images for Better Prostate Cancer Diagnosis.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. The results obtained in magnetic resonance imaging examinations are used to decide the indication, type, and location of a prostate biopsy and contribute information about the characterization or aggressiveness of detected cancers, including tumor progression over time. This study proposes a method to highlight prostate lesions with a high and very high risk of being malignant by overlaying a T2-weighted image, apparent diffusion coefficient map, and diffusion-weighted image sequences using 204 pairs of slices from 80 examined patients.

Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

(1) Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a systemic inflammatory pathology characterized by symmetric polyarthritis associated with extra-articular manifestations, such as lung disease. The purpose of the present study is to use CAD in the detection of rheumatoid pulmonary nodules. In addition, we aim to identify the characteristics and associations between clinical, laboratory and imaging data in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and lung nodules.

Federated Learning Approach with Pre-Trained Deep Learning Models for COVID-19 Detection from Unsegmented CT images.

(1) Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the current gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections in nasopharyngeal swabs. In Romania, the first reported patient to have contracted COVID-19 was officially declared on 26 February 2020.

Interobserver Reliability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Sacroiliac Joints in Axial Spondyloarthritis.

Introduction: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is characterized by damage to the axial skeleton and entheses, and is often associated with extra-articular manifestations, in the presence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27. The aim of our study is to assess the performance of rheumatologists in interpreting the inflammatory and structural damage to sacroiliac joints, in comparison to radiologists.

Material And Methods: The present study included a total of 34 patients diagnosed with axSpA, according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axSpA, examined from January 2021 to November 2021 in the Departments of Rheumatology and Radiology and Medical Imaging of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova.

Intracardiac mass revealing a rare form of cardiomyopathy.

We present the case of a woman with a 2-month history of exertional dyspnoea and fatigue in which echocardiography revealed a cavity-obliterating right ventricular mass. Further imaging evaluation using cardiac magnetic resonance showed a thrombotic mass as well as diffuse myocardial oedema and endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) that involved both ventricles. In the absence of any other cause (including peripheral eosinophilia), the diagnosis of idiopathic EMF was established.

Covid-19 Pandemic Impact on Breast Cancer Detection-The Major Effects Over an Early Diagnosis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted medical care systems, by decreasing patient addressability to outpatient care. The main objective of this study was to compare the patient's addressability to breast imaging techniques for diagnosis, and follow-up in the Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Romania. We selected the mammographies performed over a period of 4 years (2018-2021) in our clinic.

An extremely uncommon case of pancreatic extragastrointestinal stromal tumor in a 53-year-old female patient.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequently encountered mesenchymal tumors that develop anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but they account for less than 1% of all GI tumors. However, GISTs can also develop outside the GI tract. They are referred to as extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) and represent around 5-10% of all GISTs.

Imaging Features of Rare Breast Lesions in Young Women.

Rare breast tumors, such as, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, granulomatous mastitis, tubular adenoma, myofibroblastoma and xanthogranulomatous mastitis, sarcomas, neuroendocrine tumors can sometimes be misdiagnosed because of the similarities in their imagistic characteristics. The main objective of our report is to emphasize the importance of performing ultrasound-guided breast biopsies of suspect lesions in young patients. We performed an US-guided breast biopsy instead of an excisional biopsy because breast surgery has a huge psychological impact.

Deep Learning: a Promising Method for Histological Class Prediction of Breast Tumors in Mammography.

The objective of the study was to determine if the pathology depicted on a mammogram is either benign or malignant (ductal or non-ductal carcinoma) using deep learning and artificial intelligence techniques. A total of 559 patients underwent breast ultrasound, mammography, and ultrasound-guided breast biopsy. Based on the histopathological results, the patients were divided into three categories: benign, ductal carcinomas, and non-ductal carcinomas.