Exosome-carried microRNA-based signature as a cellular trigger for the evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia into Richter syndrome.

Even if considered a cumulative and not a proliferative CD5+ B-cell neoplasm, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has a proliferation rate higher than that recognized earlier, especially in the lymphoid tissues. Some patients with CLL develop a clinical syndrome entitled Richter syndrome (RS). Understanding CLL genetics and epigenetics may help to elucidate the molecular basics of the clinical heterogeneity of this type of malignancy.

Adult acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: rare association with cytopenias of undetermined significance and p210 and p190 - transcripts.

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (M7-AML) is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is associated with poor prognosis. The case presented in the current report is a statement for the difficult diagnosis and clinical management of M7-AML in the context of a previous hematologic disorder of undetermined significance and associated genetic abnormalities. Probably, following the complete hematologic remission and further with induction chemotherapy plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, the clinical management of this case will be followed by a allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the only proven therapy to improve overall survival.

Transthoracic ultrasonography for the follow-up of a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient with chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. A case report.

In the last years, significant progress has been made in the clinical follow-up of leukemia patients who are especially prone to various infections because of the specific immunosuppressive state following chemotherapy. The follow-up of such patients is of special interest and is based on modern imaging protocols especially computer tomography (CT). Still, CT may not always be effective in the diagnosing of respiratory infections.

How to Diagnose and Treat a Cancer of Unknown Primary Site.

Almost one in every three patients with advanced tumors have distant metastasis at the time of clinical diagnosis. In most cases, the primary tumor site is identified immediately, within a few days. But for some patients, the primary lesion cannot be found after the initial clinical assessment.

The use of rotation to fentanyl in cancer-related pain.

Pain is commonly diagnosed with respect to cancer and heart diseases, being a major symptom in most neoplastic diseases. Uncontrolled pain leads to a decrease in the quality of life and an increase in the morbidity of the patient. Opioids represent the best analgetic supportive therapy and are frequently used in patients suffering from cancer and experiencing a high level of pain.

Transthoracic ultrasonography for the immunocompromised patient. A pilot project that introduces transthoracic ultrasonography for the follow-up of hematological patients in Romania.

In the past decade, there has been significant progress in clinical hematology with the discovery of targeted molecules and thus the achievement of both hematologic and molecular responses. Nevertheless, chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice for many types of hematological malignancies. Aggressive chemotherapy leads to immunosuppression, accompanied by a high rate of infections and an increased rate of treatment-related mortality.

HLA Genotyping using Next Generation Sequencing.

From an oncological perspective, the second most common malignancies in children are brain tumors. Despite the recent therapeutic breakthroughs in this field, concerning surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy alike, some cases still have poor outcomes in curability. This is especially the case in patients with high-risk histological types of tumors, and those suffering from residual, remitting and disseminated diseases.

Gold nanoparticles enhance the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia therapy.

Background And Aims: Every year, in Europe, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is diagnosed in thousands of adults. For most subtypes of AML, the backbone of treatment was introduced nearly 40 years ago as a combination of cytosine arabinoside with an anthracycline. This therapy is still the worldwide standard of care.

MicroRNAs in liver malignancies. Basic science applied in surgery.

Liver malignancies represent one of the major public health problems worldwide because of late diagnosis and failure of current treatments to offer a curative option for many of the patients. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are known to regulate the gene expression at a post-transcriptional level through complementary base pairing with thousands of messenger (m)RNAs. Recent data has shown the involvement of miRs in the pathogenesis of many human cancers, including those of the liver, with huge possible impact in the clinic, mainly due to the identification of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers that can often be detected in the systemic circulation.

Cancer stem-like cells: the dark knights of clinical hematology and oncology.

According to recent epidemiological studies, malignant diseases represent the second cause of mortality worldwide and metastasis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in most cancers. Even if the concept of "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) was anticipated by the genius of Rudolph Virchow, the father of modern pathology, more than 150 years ago, it is only in last few years that that scientists have begun to develop strategies aimed at inhibiting CSCs at a molecular level, the only way cancer can truly be attacked, by crossing the border between histology and molecular biology. The current concise review aims at emphasizing the main characteristics of tumor initiating cells, bridging the basic science to clinical hematology and oncology.