A Systematic Review of Laser Photobiomodulation Dosimetry and Treatment Protocols in the Management of Medications-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Rationalised Consensus for Future Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a debilitating adverse effect of bisphosphates, antiresorptive therapy or antiangiogenic agents that can potentially increase oxidative stress, leading to progressive osteonecrosis of the jaws. Despite the large number of published systematic reviews, there is a lack of potential MRONJ treatment protocols utilising photobiomodulation (PBM) as a single or adjunct therapy for preventive or therapeutic oncology or non-oncology cohort. Hence, this systematic review aimed to evaluate PBM laser efficacy and its dosimetry as a monotherapy or combined with the standard treatments for preventive or therapeutic approach in MRONJ management.

A Novel Therapeutic Approach of 980 nm Photobiomodulation Delivered with Flattop Beam Profile in Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in Paediatrics and Adolescents-A Case Series with 3-Month Follow-Up.

: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions and a very debilitating lesion, especially in paediatric and adolescent patients. The current pharmacotherapy offers a pain relief but not without side effects, and therefore photobiomodulation (PBM) can be an alternative therapy. To the authors' best knowledge, no published study has explored the efficacy of λ 980 nm laser PBM in the management of all RAS subtypes in paediatric and adolescent patients, and therefore, this prospective observational clinical study was conducted to bridge this gap by evaluating λ 980 nm laser PBM efficacy in symptomatic RAS management in paediatric and adolescent patients.

Feasibility and Safety of Adopting a New Approach in Delivering a 450 nm Blue Laser with a Flattop Beam Profile in Vital Tooth Whitening. A Clinical Case Series with an 8-Month Follow-Up.

A prospective observational case series included six patients who presented with discoloured upper and lower teeth extending from the right second premolar to the left second premolar. The photoactivation dosimetry and treatment protocol were as follows: λ 450 nm, 1 W, CW; flattop beam profile; 1 cm; 15 J/spot; 10 irradiated spots; an irradiation time of 15 s/spot; three whitening cycles in a single session. Blanc One ULTRA was the bleaching agent.