Chorea and Cognitive Impairment in JAK2V617F-Positive Myeloproliferative Disorders: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder, accompanied by dystonia, myoclonus, tics, stereotypies, and tremors. It is characterized by excessive, purposeless movements that are distressing, irregularly timed, and randomly distributed. Chorea can be present in many diseases, such as hereditary, metabolic disturbance, drug-induced, and functional disorders, and, rarely, genetic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases.

Neuro-Behçet's Disease Onset in the Context of Tuberculous Meningoencephalitis: A Case Report.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis that frequently presents with a relapsing-remitting pattern. CNS involvement (Neuro-Behçet) is rare, affecting approximately 10% of patients. Its etiological mechanisms are not yet fully understood.

Therapies beyond Physiological Barriers and Drug Resistance: A Pilot Study and Review of the Literature Investigating If Intrathecal Trastuzumab and New Treatment Options Can Improve Oncologic Outcomes in Leptomeningeal Metastases from HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are a rare but rapidly fatal complication defined by the spread of tumor cells within the leptomeninges and the subarachnoid space, found in approximately 10% of patients with HER2-positive breast cancers. This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of local treatment with intrathecal Trastuzumab (IT) added to systemic treatment. The oncologic outcome of 14 patients with HER2-positive LM is reported.

Thunderclap headache revealing dural tears with symptomatic intracranial hypotension: Report of two cases.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is considered the cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), an important etiology for new daily persistent headaches and a potentially life-threatening condition. Minor traumatic events rarely lead to CSF leakage, contrasting with iatrogenic interventions such as a lumbar puncture or spinal surgery, which are commonly complicated by dural tears. Most meningeal lesions are found in the cervicothoracic region, followed by the thoracic region, and rarely in the lumbar region, and extremely rarely in the sacral region.

Upstaging and Downstaging in Gliomas-Clinical Implications for the Fifth Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System.

In 2021, the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO-CNS5) was published as the sixth volume of the international standard for brain and spinal cord tumor classification. The most remarkable practical change in the current classification involves grading gliomas according to molecular characterization. IDH mutant (10%) and IDH wild-type tumors (90%) are two different entities that possess unique biological features and various clinical outcomes regarding treatment response and overall survival.

Reassessing the Diagnostic Utility of the Split Hand Index in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients-The Divide by Zero Problem.

We set out to assess the diagnostic utility of the split hand index (SHI) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and also to see if and how it can be applied to severely atrophied muscles, a frequent finding in this setting. We enrolled 38 patients from our clinic, 19 diagnosed with ALS and 19 controls, matched for age and sex. The SHI was calculated, on both sides, for all the patients.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Cerebral and Spinal Cavernous Malformations of a Patient with Dementia and Tetraparesis.

Cavernomas are rare cerebrovascular malformations that usually occur in sporadic forms with solitary lesions located most often in the hemispheric white matter, but also in the infratentorial or spinal region. Multiple lesions at different CNS levels are considered a hallmark for the familial form of the disease. The diagnostic modality of choice for cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Zoster Cranial Polyneuropathy in a COVID-19 Patient.

BACKGROUND Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a rare form of herpes zoster caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion. The main clinical manifestations are peripheral facial palsy, vesicular rash in the ear, and ipsilateral auricular pain, and sometimes vertigo. COVID-19 is a new multisystemic infectious disease that, in addition to common respiratory manifestations, it is known to affect the immune system, primarily depressing cellular immunity.