Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques.

Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoretical DFT-vibrational Raman characterization of NOD along with the experimental drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique.