The four-factor personality model and its qualitative correlates among opioid agonist therapy clients.

Background: The Four Factor Personality Vulnerability model identifies four specific personality traits (e.g., sensation seeking [SS], impulsivity [IMP], anxiety sensitivity [AS], and hopelessness [HOP]) as implicated in substance use behaviors, motives for substance use, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions.

The Effect of Preoperative Cannabis Use on Postoperative Pain Following Gynaecologic Oncology Surgery.

Objective: To determine whether cannabis users have different pain scores after gynaecologic oncology surgery than non-cannabis users.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed for 654 patients who underwent gynaecologic oncology surgery during a 2-year period. The primary outcome was postoperative pain at 12 and 36 hours after surgery using an 11-point pain scale.

Different drugs come with different motives: Examining motives for substance use among people who engage in polysubstance use undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).

Background: Substance use motives (i.e., reasons for using a substance) are thought to be the most proximal variable leading to substance use.

Craving and emotional responses to trauma and cannabis cues in trauma-exposed cannabis users: Influence of PTSD symptom severity.

Conditioned craving to trauma cues and avoidance learning have both been implicated in the high concurrence of trauma-related distress and substance misuse. Using a cue-exposure paradigm involving personalized trauma, cannabis, and neutral cues, we examined if conditioned craving and/or elevated negative affect to trauma cues are mechanisms linking PTSD and cannabis use disorder. Fifty-one trauma-exposed cannabis users were randomly presented the three cue types.

Social norms of college students engaging in non-medical prescription drug use to get high: What's sex got to do with it?

Relationships exist between perceived peer and own use of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco, particularly when peers and participants are sex-matched. We investigated sex influences on social norms effects for college students' non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU).  = 1986 college students reported on their perceptions of male and female peers' NMPDU frequency and their own past-month NMPDU.

Personality to Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents: Testing Affect Regulation, Psychological Dysregulation, and Deviance Proneness Pathways.

Fifteen to 25-year-olds are the age group most likely to misuse prescription drugs. Few studies have tested theory-driven models of adolescent risk for prescription drug misuse. Moreover, rarely are distinct pathways to different forms of prescription drug misuse considered.

Can cannabis use be prevented by targeting personality risk in schools? Twenty-four-month outcome of the adventure trial on cannabis use: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To examine the effectiveness of a personality-targeted intervention program (Adventure trial) delivered by trained teachers to high-risk (HR) high-school students on reducing marijuana use and frequency of use.

Design: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Secondary schools in London, UK.