Overactive bladder: A review and update.

Overactive bladder syndrome is a chronic, disabling condition with physical, psychological and social consequences that significantly affects the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide. The economic impact of this disorder is crucial. Overactive bladder syndrome is a little-known condition, with different manifestations from patient to patient, which causes a great deal of frustration to the medical staff involved.

Genital self-mutilation: A challenging pathology (Review).

Genital self-mutilation is a pathology that leads to numerous and important discussions, rarely presented in the medical literature. There have been many attempts to explain the reasons behind these medical phenomena, but single cases have been generally reported, making it extremely difficult to draw valid conclusions. It is acknowledged that there are psychotic and non-psychotic causes, from psychiatric problems and sexual identity disorders to cultural or religious reasons, alcohol or recreational drug consumption, unconventional types of sexual satisfaction or self-satisfaction.

Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.

Background: Early and accurate diagnosis of endometriosis is crucial for the management of this benign, yet debilitating pathology. Despite the advances of modern medicine, there is no common ground regarding the pathophysiology of this disease as it continues to affect the quality of life of millions of women of reproductive age. The lack of specific symptoms often determines a belated diagnosis.

Efficacy of instillation treatment with hyaluronic acid in relieving symptoms in patients with BPS/IC and uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections - Long-term results of a multicenter study.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intra-vesical instillations with hyaluronic acid (HA) in relieving lower urinary tract irritation symptoms in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). This research, conducted in Romania, includes 30 patients with UTIs (Group I) and 24 with BPS/IC (Group II) as defined by European Association of Urology (EAU) Diagnostic Criteria. Data were collected prospectively, using pre- and post-treatment questionnaires for pelvic pain with a symptom scale for urination and frequency as well as visual analog scale (VAS) pain quizzes.

The Relation of Dependency and the Predictive Potential of Several Factors Possibly Involved in Determining Pulmonary Hypertension in Graves' Disease.

Objectives: To establish a possible relation of dependency between pulmonary hypertension (PHT) and several factors, with the evaluation of their predictive potential, in Graves' disease.

Methods: For identifying the factors implied in producing PHT and for evaluating its reversibility, we made echocardiography exams, sessions of monitoring the blood pressure during 24 hours and biological test in a group of 42 patients with Graves' disease (group H), comparing them with themselves in a euthyroid status (group E, n=25) and with a control group (group C, n=25). In order to analyse the relation of dependency between pulmonary hypertension (PHT) and the factors identified in the H group, we used both the simple linear regression method (polynomial of degree 1) and the non-linear regression method (polynomial of degree 2, 3) for establishing one model of functional dependency.

Therapeutic Approaches of Botulinum Toxin in Gynecology.

Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are produced by several anaerobic species of the genus and, although they were originally considered lethal toxins, today they find their usefulness in the treatment of a wide range of pathologies in various medical specialties. Botulinum neurotoxin has been identified in seven different isoforms (BoNT-A, BoNT-B, BoNT-C, BoNT-D, BoNT-E, BoNT-F, and BoNT-G). Neurotoxigenic Clostridia can produce more than 40 different BoNT subtypes and, recently, a new BoNT serotype (BoNT-X) has been reported in some studies.

Voluminous Urethral Stone - A Very Rare Complication After Male Suburethral Sling Surgery As A Result of Sling Erosion Into Proximal Urethra.

Male sling for urinary incontinence is usually accompanied by very good results, with a small number of complications,but, when appear, they may be redundant. Voluminous urethral stone developed on suburethral sling as a result of sling erosion into the proximal urethra is an extremely rare complication (following the analysis of cases published on the internet, the authors of this article no longer identified another similar case). We present the case of a patient who presented in our clinic for severe and permanent urinary incontinence, perineal discomfortand pain that was influenced by position.

Comparison of Linear and Non-linear Regression Analysis to Determine Pulmonary Pressure in Hyperthyroidism.

Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) at newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients and at finding a simple model showing the complex functional relation between pulmonary hypertension in hyperthyroidism and the factors causing it.

Methods: The 53 hyperthyroid patients (H-group) were evaluated mainly by using an echocardiographical method and compared with 35 euthyroid (E-group) and 25 healthy people (C-group). In order to identify the factors causing pulmonary hypertension the statistical method of comparing the values of arithmetical means is used.

Morbidity and impact on quality of life in patients with indwelling ureteral stents: A 10-year clinical experience.

Objective: Prospective analysis of the prevalence of symptoms, tolerability and complications associated with ureteral stents and their impact on quality of life based on the Flanagan Quality of Life Scale and a not-validated questionnaire from our clinic.

Methods: A total of 2200 adult patient participated to this study in a period of 10 years (2003-2012). Those patients were asked to complete the QOLS and a not-validated questionnaire from our clinic, before ureteral indwelling, 7 day after ureteral indwelling and 14 days after removal of the stent.

Botulinum-A Toxin's efficacy in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder.

The systematic literature review was carried out to point out the efficacy of botulinum type A toxin (BTX-A) intra-detrusor injections in adults with idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). A PubMed search for clinical studies with BTX-A intra-detrusor injections in adults with OAB was performed.The studies showed improvements in quality of life by relieving symptoms (decreased urinary frequency, urgency episodes, incontinence and nocturia).