AIDS and non-AIDS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas express different antigen profiles.

Based on gene expression profiling, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas arising in immunocompetent patients can be divided into germinal center and activated B-cell types. Since little is known about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, we tested whether the protein expression of germinal center and activated B-cell markers differed between acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vs non-AIDS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We immunohistochemically stained tissue microarrays of 39 de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: 12 AIDS associated and 27 non-AIDS, with germinal center (BCL6, CD10, CyclinH) and activated B-cell markers (MUM1, CD138, PAK1, CD44, BCL2).

Germinal center and activated b-cell profiles separate Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in AIDS and non-AIDS cases.

Morphologic features of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) overlap. No single phenotypic marker or molecular abnormality is pathognomonic. We tested a panel of 8 germinal center (GC) and activated B-cell (ABC) markers for their ability to separate BL and DLBCL.

FAS and FAS-L expression by tumor cells and lymphocytes in breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases.

FAS receptor (FAS, CD95) and FAS ligand (FAS-L, CD95-L) are complementary members of a particular apoptotic pathway that plays a major role in immune regulation. The activation of FAS-L may trigger cytotoxic mechanisms leading to the death of FAS-expressing cells. Tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) may express FAS and FAS-L in various proportions, and their interplay may affect tumor behavior.

Morphology of human carcinogenesis.

Carcinogenesis, the process by which normal cells become neoplastic, has been extensively studied in tissue cultures and animal models. Screening and periodic examination of various organs with the use of modern technology provides the opportunity of directly studying human carcinogenesis. Following is the description of morphologic changes accompanying the stages of carcinogenesis in the most common human tumors, the lung, breast, uterine cervix, colon/rectum, and urinary bladder.

Lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas associated with gastric metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma.

Gastric carcinomas are invariably accompanied by lymphoid proliferations. We studied their features in 22 resected gastric carcinomas in which the lymphoid proliferations ranged from reactive lymphoid follicles to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. In most cases, the collections of lymphocytes were abundant, which is remarkable considering the lack of lymphoid tissue in the normal stomach.

Spindle cell tumors associated with mycobacteria in lymph nodes of HIV-positive patients: 'Kaposi sarcoma with mycobacteria' and 'mycobacterial pseudotumor'.

Patients infected with HIV often have unusual manifestations of common infections and neoplasms. One such example is "mycobacterial pseudotumor," an exuberant spindle cell lesion induced in lymph nodes by mycobacteria. Kaposi sarcoma also produces a spindle cell proliferation in lymph nodes of HIV-positive patients.

Comparison of molecular changes in lung cancers in HIV-positive and HIV-indeterminate subjects.

Context: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been associated with an increasing incidence of malignancy, and HIV-infected persons have an increased incidence of primary lung carcinoma compared with the general population.

Objective: To investigate the molecular changes present in HIV-associated lung tumors and compare them with those present in lung carcinomas arising in HIV-indeterminate subjects ("sporadic tumors").

Design: Convenience sample.

EBV-associated primary lymphomas in salivary glands of HIV-infected patients.

The lymph nodes within and around salivary glands are commonly involved in inflammatory processes, but rarely the site of primary lymphomas. We observed six cases of primary salivary gland lymphoma in HIV-infected patients and studied them in parallel with three cases of primary salivary gland lymphoma unrelated to HIV and three cases of HIV-related salivary gland lymphadenopathies in order to characterize this new entity. We found that all salivary gland lymphomas in HIV-infected patients were of high histologic grade while salivary gland lymphomas unrelated to HIV were predominantly of low grade MALT type.

EBV-associated anorectal lymphomas in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Primary lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract represent 9% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and of these only 3% arise in the rectum or anus. In contrast to their rare occurrence in the general population, the incidence of anorectal lymphomas in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), particularly homosexual patients, may be as high as 26% as reported in our own series of AIDS-associated lymphomas. To determine the characteristics of this entity, we studied 15 cases of primary anorectal lymphoma in AIDS patients and compared them with four cases of anorectal lymphoma unrelated to AIDS.

Lymphoid monoclonal antibodies reactive with lung tumors. Diagnostic applications.

In the course of investigating 30 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for their potential reactivity with 25 lung tumors of different histologic types, we found that three MAbs commonly used for their specificities for lymphoid markers were highly reactive with non-small-cell carcinomas (NSCLC) and totally nonreactive with small-cell carcinomas (SCLC). Immunostaining was performed by the standard streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method after microwave antigen retrieval on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. LN2 (CD74), LN3 (HLA-DR), and BLA-36, which are commonly used for the identification of B-lymphocytes, strongly immunostained 19 of 25 squamous and adenocarcinomas and none of 34 small-cell carcinomas and carcinoids.

Protection by grafts of embryonal rat tissues (teratomas) against induction and transplantation of malignant tumors.

Clinical observations and experimental studies have shown that pregnancy may have inhibitory effects on tumor growth rather than invariably aggravate neoplastic disease as believed previously. It has been suggested that circulating factors of maternal or fetal origin may protect against tumor growth during pregnancy. The previously created experimental model of teratomas provides the means of having an adult animal bearing a permanent graft of embryonal tissues.

Kaposi's sarcoma of internal organs. A multiparameter study of 86 cases.

Background: During the past decade, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), one of the most common acquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining diseases, has been the subject of sustained research. However, basic questions about its etiology, histogenesis, growth, and dissemination remain unanswered. Even its nature, whether hyperplasia or neoplasia, is still controversial.

Reactivity of lung tumors with lung-derived and non-lung-derived monoclonal antibodies.

The reactivity of 74 lung-derived monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) provided by the Third International Workshop on Lung Tumor Antigens and of 41 non-lung-derived commercially available MAbs against sections of 15 lung tumors of various histologic types was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Three MAbs with specificity for human neural-cell adhesion molecule (H-NCAM) and 3 MAbs with specificity for small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) were able to distinguish between neuro-endocrine (NE) and non-NE tumors. Fifteen MAbs stained non-small-cell carcinomas (NSCLC) but not SCLC.

Cytomegalovirus, angiomatosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma: new observations of a debated relationship.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) encompasses a broad spectrum of lesions ranging from foci of muco-cutaneous angiomatosis to tumor masses of internal organs. Its strong association with immune deficiency and the marked differences in incidence between the various populations at risk are suggestive of an infectious etiology. The agent most often suspected of being implicated in the etiology of KS is cytomegalovirus (CMV); however, despite sustained research on this subject, its role remains controversial.

Disseminated pneumocystosis without pulmonary involvement during prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine therapy in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Pneumocystosis, the most common opportunistic infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is usually restricted to the lungs and results in severe bilateral pneumonia, which is fatal unless vigorously treated. Rare cases have been reported in which involvement of other organs or disseminated disease occurred in addition to the pulmonary lesions. Pentamidine, an efficient drug used intravenously for the treatment of pulmonary pneumocystosis, has also recently been used in aerosolized form for the prevention of Pneumocystis infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphomas: clinical, pathologic, immunologic, and viral characteristics of 111 cases.

The incidence of lymphomas in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus has increased progressively since the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. The present series includes 111 patients, all diagnosed and studied at one hospital in New York City. There were 108 men and three women; the average age was 39 years and male homosexuality was the predominant risk factor.

Immunobiology of metastases.

The role of immunity in the control of tumor metastasis is unclear, although various evidence suggests its existence. Immunosuppressive treatment is associated with increase in metastasis in both experimental animals and humans. Infiltration by T-lymphocytes is substantial in primary tumors while minimal or absent in their metastases.

Immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a broad spectrum of opportunistic infections and neoplasias that differ from those occurring in the general population by their high aggressiveness, unusual location, early tendency to generalization, frequent relapse, and short survival. The severe complications of AIDS, however, represent only the last phase in a prolonged course of progressive dysfunction and destruction of the immune system set in motion by the infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While substantial progress was achieved in the ultrastructural identification and biochemical characterization of HIV, its mode of action in the causation of AIDS is not yet fully understood.