A Classification for Gastric Outlet Obstruction in Childhood: Extending Beyond Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.

Background/aims:  Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a rare condition in childhood, with the exception of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). However, no classification exists from a pediatric gastroenterologist's perspective.

Materials And Methods:  The patients with a diagnosis of GOO between 2009 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively.

Portal Hypertension in Children: A Tertiary Center Experience in Turkey.

Purpose: Portal hypertension (PH) and its complications have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the etiology; clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic findings; treatment approaches; long-term outcomes; and prognosis of pediatric PH.

Methods: This retrospective study included 222 pediatric patients diagnosed with PH between 1998 and 2016, and data encompassing clinical, laboratory, and radiological features; treatments; and complications were analyzed.

The effects of different vasovasostomy techniques on motility of vas deferens (vas motility following vasovasostomy).

Purpose: Vasovasostomy is used to correct vas deferens (VD) transections encountered during surgery or to reverse sterilization vasectomies. Achieving vasal patency is the primary goal and the success is assessed on various factors including VD patency, flow rates, and pregnancy rates. While preserving vas motility is not a major concern in surgical practice, it is worth noting that VD has peristaltic activity which plays crucial role during ejaculation.

Obstructive jaundice and severe pancreatitis due to the foramen of Winslow hernia with multiple anomalies.

Internal hernia through the foramen of Winslow is a very rare condition, especially in children. Here we report a 16-month-old girl who presented with obstructive jaundice and elevation of pancreatic enzymes and was ultimately diagnosed with internal hernia and malrotation by radiologic investigation and open approach surgery. To the best of our knowledge, obstructive jaundice with pancreatitis and other congenital abnormalities in children with the foramen of Winslow hernia have not been reported previously in the literature.

Changes in cholinergic and nitrergic systems of defunctionalized colons after colostomy in rabbits.

Background: This study was designed to assess smooth muscle function and motility in defunctionalized colonic segments and subsequent changes in pathways responsible for gastrointestinal motility.

Methods: Two-month-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into control and study groups. Sigmoid colostomies were performed in the study group.

Pyosalpinx and hydrosalpinx in virginal adolescents: report of two cases.

Pyosalpinx and hydrosalpinx are conditions mainly seen in adult women, but also among sexually active adolescents and can bring added hazard to fertility. However these conditions are very rare in childhood, as well as in adolescent girls who are not sexually active. We are presenting two rare cases of young girls in early puberty with hydrosalpinx and pyosalpinx.

Paraovarian cyst torsion in children: report of two cases.

Paraovarian cysts are assumed to be rare in childhood. This assumption is due to the fact that most patients with paraovarian cyst are asymptomatic unless complicated. Owing to the wide range of pathologies in differential diagnosis, preoperative diagnosis of paraovarian cyst presents a challenge.

Rectal duplications accompanying rectovestibular fistula: report of two cases.

Rectal duplication (RD) cysts are rare congenital anomalies that can be diagnosed with the presence of another opening in the perineum. They seldom accompany anorectal malformations (ARM). Two cases of RD accompanying ARM at opposite ends of the phenotypic spectrum, are described.

The effects of melatonin on intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome.

Introduction: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a clinical condition resulting from the loss of absorptive surface area following resection of 50% or more small bowel. Morphological and functional changes called "intestinal adaptation" occur in the residual intestine. Melatonin exists in the gastrointestinal tract and has effect on mitotic activity.

A rare cause of acute abdominal pain in adolescence: hydrosalpinx leading to isolated torsion of fallopian tube.

Torsion of the fallopian tube accompanying hydrosalpinx is a rare occurrence in the pediatric population. This report describes a 13 year old sexually inactive girl with isolated tubal torsion due to hydrosalpinx. The girl had lower left abdominal pain for two days.

Effects of different pulmonary surfactants in the prevention of postoperative intraabdominal adhesion formation.

Background: After abdominal surgery, the formation of postoperative adhesion is a serious problem. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of 2 different pulmonary surfactants, poractant and beractant, on adhesion prevention in an experimental model.

Materials And Methods: An experimental intraabdominal adhesion model was created in 18 adult female rats by cecal abrasion.

Ostomy complicatıons in patients with anorectal malformations.

Purpose: Ostomy is an important step in the treatment of patients with anorectal malformation (ARM). Sometimes this basic surgical procedure may cause a devastating complication.

Methods: The medical reports of the patients with ARM who had ostomy in the past were inspected.

Negative appendectomy experience in children.

Background: The aim of this study was to discuss the findings of our patients who had negative appendectomy.

Patients And Methods: Hospital records of negative appendectomy for abdominal pain patients were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: Negative exploration for acute appendicitis (AP) was done in 149 patients.

Colonic phasic motor activity is stronger in patients with repaired anorectal malformations than patients with severe colonic dismotility.

In this study, colonic manometry studies of the patients with repaired anorectal malformations (ARM) were compared with those of patients with severe colonic dismotility due to chronic constipation (CC) and acute pseudo-obstruction (PSO). The patients with repaired ARM were accepted as group #1 (n=10). The patients with CC and acute PSO composed group #2 (n=10).

Apart from the other members of PDE inhibitors' family, enoximone does not enhance renal ischemic reperfusion injury: the effects of enoximone on renal ischemia reperfusion.

Many pharmacological agents were investigated for the prevention of renal ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury as well as the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. The aim of the study was to examine the possible renoprotective effect of enoximone as a member of this family on IR injury. Thirty-six Wistar-Albino rats were allocated to six groups.

The morphological evaluation of ipsilateral and contralateral vasa deferentia in a rat model of unilateral spermatic cord torsion.

Aim: Spermatic cord torsion is a surgical emergency that requires early intervention to protect the effected testicle. The literature review about this ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury reveals not only ipsilateral, but also contralateral testicular and epididymal injuries in a broad fashion. However, there is no data about vas deferens injury related with this surgical emergency.

Cefoperazone induced gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. A case report.

Cefoperazone is a parenteral third generation cephalosporin which is active against many Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. Cefaperazone, like other cephalosporins which contain methyltiotetrazole side chain, can cause hypoprotrombinaemia and bleeding problems. Here we report a nine-year old child with Meckel's diverticulum who had cefoperazone induced massive gastrointestinal bleeding on the fifth day following the operation.

Colonic motility and functional assessment of the patients with anorectal malformations according to Krickenbeck consensus.

Background/purpose: In this study, the patients operated on for anorectal malformations (ARM) were evaluated in terms of segmental (SCTT) and total colonic transit times (TCTT) and clinical status according to Krickenbeck consensus before and after treatments.

Methods: Forty-one patients with ARM (28 males/13 females) older than 3 years (median age, 7.7 years; range, 3-25) who had no therapy before were assessed for voluntary bowel movements (VBM), soiling (from 1 to 3), and constipation (from 1 to 3), retrospectively.

Ankyloglossia and effects on breast-feeding, speech problems and mechanical/social issues in children.

Background: This aim of this study was to define the characteristics of the patients who underwent surgery for ankyloglossia.

Patients And Methods: The patients (n = 127) with ankyloglossia underwent surgery between 1987 and 2005. The patients were evaluated for age, gender, complaints, grade, and operative procedures.

Association of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase pathway with lipopolysaccharide-induced intussusception.

Introduction: Many factors and mechanisms have been proposed as causes for intussusception (IN); however, the etiology remains unclear. Inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are elevated during infectious diseases, can significantly affect gastrointestinal motility. Motility changes caused by these agents might contribute to the development of IN.

The effects of varicocele and its surgical correction on vas deferens motility.

Varicocele is the abnormal dilation of venous pampiniform plexus and internal spermatic vein. Its prevalence in the adolescent period is almost equal to the prevalence of adult age. That is why the disease is accepted to appear in early adolescence and does not disappear spontaneously.

Congenital pouch colon associated with anorectal malformation: report of 2 cases.

Congenital pouch colon associated with anorectal malformation is an unusual anomaly reported most frequently in Asian countries. Pediatric surgeons must be familiar with this anomaly and the pre- and postoperative problems of these patients. The aim of this report is to bring attention to congenital pouch colon associated with anorectal malformation by discussing experiences with 2 patients.

Effects of varicocele on electrical field stimulation-induced biphasic twitch responses in the ipsilateral and contralateral rat vasa deferentia.

Aim: Although little is known about the mechanisms, varicocele is considered as one of the factors leading to male infertility. Since reduced motility of the vas deferens was shown to contribute to male infertility, in this study we aimed to investigate the effect of varicocele on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced biphasic contractions of the vas deferens in order to evaluate the effect of varicocele on the motility of the vas deferens.

Material And Methods: A total of 26 Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were assigned randomly into two groups: sham (n = 10) and varicocele (n = 16).