Implementation of malaria vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring interventions in Nigeria.

Malaria vector surveillance is required to determine disease transmission dynamics, vector insecticide susceptibility status, suitable control strategies and impact of control interventions. However, capacity and resources for vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring is often inadequate in most countries at risk of vector-borne diseases. Collaborations and linkages between malaria control policy makers and existing research institutions generating vector surveillance research data are often weak, thereby hindering the availability of data for decision-making.

Influence of and aqueous extract on cattle ruminal gas production and degradability .

Introduction: Mitigation of ruminant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucial for more appropriate livestock production. Thus, there is a need of further research evaluating feed supplementation strategies to mitigate enteric GHG emissions and other gases produced within the rumen.

Methods: This study was conducted as a completely randomized experimental design to determine the effectiveness of liquid extracts from (AZI), (CNA), or their combination (Mix.

Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence among children aged 6-59 months from independent DHS and HIV surveys: Nigeria, 2018.

Prevalence estimates are critical for malaria programming efforts but generating these from non-malaria surveys is not standard practice. Malaria prevalence estimates for 6-59-month-old Nigerian children were compared between two national household surveys performed simultaneously in 2018: a Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). DHS tested via microscopy (n = 8298) and HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT, n = 11,351), and NAIIS collected dried blood spots (DBS) which were later tested for histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigen (n = 8029).

Diagnosis of Multiple Faults in Rotating Machinery Using Ensemble Learning.

Fault diagnosis of rotating machines is an important task to prevent machinery downtime, and provide verifiable support for condition-based maintenance (CBM) decision-making. Deep learning-enabled fault diagnosis operations have become increasingly popular because features are extracted and selected automatically. However, it is challenging for these models to give superior results with rotating machine components of different scales, single and multiple faults across different rotating components, diverse operating speeds, and diverse load conditions.

When Knowledge Is Not Enough: Applying a Behavioral Design Approach to Improve Fever Case Management in Nigeria.

Background: We sought to encourage health care providers to adhere to national malaria case management guidelines. This requires them to conduct malaria parasite tests for every patient presenting with a fever and provide malaria treatment only to those who test positive for malaria. Our goal was to make it easier for providers to follow guidelines by addressing drivers of nonadherence uncovered through facility observations and interviews with staff and clients.

Strategies to Promote Health System Strengthening and Global Health Security at the Subnational Level in a World Changed by COVID-19.

Structural weaknesses in national health systems have led to huge variations in responses to COVID-19. This calls for a unified approach to health security and essential health services as public health threats and the expectation for health care systems to provide improved access and services at affordable cost increases.

Collaborative Mining of Whole Genome Sequences for Intelligent HIV-1 Sub-Strain(s) Discovery.

Background: Effective global antiretroviral vaccines and therapeutic strategies depend on the diversity, evolution, and epidemiology of their various strains as well as their transmission and pathogenesis. Most viral disease-causing particles are clustered into a taxonomy of subtypes to suggest pointers toward nucleotide-specific vaccines or therapeutic applications of clinical significance sufficient for sequence-specific diagnosis and homologous viral studies. These are very useful to formulate predictors to induce cross-resistance to some retroviral control drugs being used across study areas.

The role of ideation on the effect of an SBC intervention on consistent bed net use among caregivers of children under 5 years in Nigeria: a multilevel mediation analysis.

Background: Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria. Consistent bed net use (sleeping under a treated net every night) has been identified as a key malaria prevention behavior. This paper explores the relationship between mass media social and behavior change interventions, psychosocial factors, and consistent bed net use.

A hybrid computational framework for intelligent inter-continent SARS-CoV-2 sub-strains characterization and prediction.

Whereas accelerated attention beclouded early stages of the coronavirus spread, knowledge of actual pathogenicity and origin of possible sub-strains remained unclear. By harvesting the Global initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database ( https://www.gisaid.

Health Condition Estimation of Bearings with Multiple Faults by a Composite Learning-Based Approach.

Bearings are critical components found in most rotating machinery; their health condition is of immense importance to many industries. The varied conditions and environments in which bearings operate make them prone to single and multiple faults. Widespread interest in the improvements of single fault diagnosis meant limited attention was spent on multiple fault diagnosis.

A subnational profiling analysis reveals regional differences as the main predictor of ITN ownership and use in Nigeria.

Background: To reduce the malaria burden in Nigeria, the country is scaling up prevention and treatment interventions, especially household ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Nevertheless, large gaps remain to achieve the goals of the National Malaria Strategic Plan 2014-2020 of universal access to ITNs and their increased use. To inform the targeting of intervention strategies and to maximize impact, the authors conducted a sub-national profiling of household ITN ownership and use in the general population to identify key predictors of ITN ownership and use, and the sub-groups that are at higher risk of low ITN coverage and use.

Caregiver exposure to malaria social and behaviour change messages can improve bed net use among children in an endemic country: secondary analysis of the 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey.

Background: To reduce the malaria burden in Nigeria, the National Malaria Strategic Plan (NMSP) 2014‒2020 calls for the scale-up of prevention and treatment interventions, including social and behaviour change (SBC). SBC interventions can increase awareness and improve the demand for and uptake of malaria interventions. However, there is limited evidence supporting the implementation of SBC interventions to improve key malaria behaviours, such as insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) use, among children in Nigeria.

RABIES IN A SET OF EIGHT-WEEK OLD PUPPIES IN NIGERIA: THE NEED FOR REVIEW OF CURRENT DOG ANTIRABIES VACCINATION SCHEDULE.

Background: Rabies is endemic in Nigeria with clinical cases reported mainly in dogs and occasionally in livestock from all the geo-ecological zones of the country. Detection of rabies virus antigen in puppies at the age of five to ten weeks and in apparently healthy dogs shedding the virus in their saliva have been reported in some parts of Nigeria.

Material And Method: This report describes a clinical rabies in a set of eight weeks old puppies confirmed by antigen detection using the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), the direct rapid immunohistochemical test (DRIT), and RT-PCR.

Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a School Insecticide-Treated Net Distribution Program in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Background: In 2013, the World Health Organization recommended distribution through schools, health facilities, community health workers, and mass campaigns to maintain coverage with insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). We piloted school distribution in 3 local government areas (LGAs) of Cross River State, Nigeria.

Methods: From January to March 2011, all 3 study sites participated in a mass ITN campaign.

Associations between worker characteristics, workplace factors, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a cross-sectional study of male construction workers in Nigeria.

Objective: This study assessed the association between worker characteristics, workplace factors, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in Nigeria's construction industry.

Methods: A cross-sectional site-by-site survey was conducted in 5 existing construction companies in Uyo, Nigeria. The subjects (n = 1200 males), aged 18-55 years, filled in the semistructured Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and the job content questionnaire on demographics, work and lifestyle characteristics, and workplace risk factors for WMSDs.

The Effect of Mass Media Campaign on the Use of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets among Pregnant Women in Nigeria.

Background. Malaria during pregnancy is a major public health problem in Nigeria especially in malaria-endemic areas. It increases the risk of low birth weight and child/maternal morbidity/mortality.

Bilateral lower limb amputations in a nigerian child following high-voltage electrical burns injury: a case report.

Unlabelled: The human body conducts electricity very well. Direct contact with electric current can be lethal. The passage of electric current through the body is capable of producing a wide spectrum of injuries, including serious damage to the heart, brain, skin and muscles.

Analysis of pan-African Centres of excellence in health innovation highlights opportunities and challenges for local innovation and financing in the continent.

A pool of 38 pan-African Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in health innovation has been selected and recognized by the African Network for Drugs and Diagnostics Innovation (ANDI), through a competitive criteria based process. The process identified a number of opportunities and challenges for health R&D and innovation in the continent: i) it provides a direct evidence for the existence of innovation capability that can be leveraged to fill specific gaps in the continent; ii) it revealed a research and financing pattern that is largely fragmented and uncoordinated, and iii) it highlights the most frequent funders of health research in the continent. The CoEs are envisioned as an innovative network of public and private institutions with a critical mass of expertise and resources to support projects and a variety of activities for capacity building and scientific exchange, including hosting fellows, trainees, scientists on sabbaticals and exchange with other African and non-African institutions.

The effects of an investigational antimalarial agent, NIPRD-AM1 on the single dose pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in healthy human volunteers.

The effect of concurrent administration of a novel phytomedicine, NIPRD-AM1 used for the treatment of malaria on the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole was investigated in healthy volunteers. The study was a completely randomized one, crossover involving administration of single dose metronidazole tablets (200 mg×2) concomitantly with NIPRD-AM1 capsules (250 mg×2) to 11 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected before and at pre-determined time intervals following administration of the drugs.

A normative study of the components of niprisan--an herbal medicine for sickle cell anemia.

Niprisan® is an herbal medicine for sickle cell anemia developed in the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD). It is prepared from pepper seeds [Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn.

Postmarketing in vitro/in vivo assessment of fixed dose combination products of first line antiretrovirals.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postmarket pharmaceutical equivalence, stability and bioequivalence of generic and innovator fixed dose combination products of lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) 150/300 mg tablets available in Nigeria. An isocratic HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of 3TC and AZT in human plasma and pharmaceutical samples. The model independent f(2) similarity factor was used to compare the dissolution profiles of the two products stored at accelerated and long-term stability conditions for 6 months.

Establishment of reference values of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets in healthy Nigerian adults.

A total of 2,570 apparently healthy human immunodeficiency virus-negative adults from the six geopolitical zones in the country were enrolled in our study in 2006. The samples were assayed using the Cyflow technique. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS).