Radiological, clinical, and molecular analyses reveal distinct subtypes of butterfly glioblastomas affecting the prognosis.

Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is known for its highly invasive nature. Images of butterfly GB (bGB) often illustrate this characteristic, but the molecular background and origins of bGB remain unknown.

Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 34 bGB patients from our dataset (K-cohort) and 46 bGB patients from publicly available datasets, including TCGA-GBM, CPTAC-GBM, IvyGAP, and UPENN-GBM.

Complete removal of a cavernous malformation in the dorsal pons, in contact with the expanded transpontine vein: illustrative case.

Background: Craniotomy is required for the removal of brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) with repeated hemorrhage, and this condition is often complicated by an accompanying developmental venous anomaly (DVA). However, a DVA of the brainstem or cerebellum with drainage penetrating the pons is an exceptional finding.

Observations: A 57-year-old man presented with double vision.

Persistent Depression of the Lambda Site with Progressive Skull Deformity May Be a Sign of Suture Closure: Case Series and Pathologic Consideration.

Background: Flat head syndrome (FHS) sometimes occurs when a baby maintains the same head position during the first several months of life, causing a skull deformity. FHS usually improves with time and natural growth, although some show aggravation against conservative treatment. We reviewed pathologically proved early closure of skull suture that may be seen secondary to FHS.

Clinical and molecular features of patients with IDH1 wild-type primary glioblastoma presenting unexpected short-term survival after gross total resection.

Background: This study investigated the factors influencing short-term survivors (STS) after gross total resection (GTR) in patients with IDH1 wild-type primary glioblastoma.

Methods: We analyzed five independent cohorts who underwent GTR, including 83 patients from Kitasato University (K-cohort), and four validation cohorts of 148 patients from co-investigators (V-cohort), 66 patients from the Kansai Molecular Diagnosis Network for the Central Nervous System tumors, 109 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas, and 40 patients from the Glioma Longitudinal AnalySiS. The study defined STS as those who had an overall survival ≤ 12 months after GTR with subsequent radiation therapy, and concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ).

Cocrystalline Matrices for Hyperpolarization at Room Temperature Using Photoexcited Electrons.

We propose using cocrystals as effective polarization matrices for triplet dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at room temperature. The polarization source can be uniformly doped into cocrystals formed through acid-acid, amide-amide, and acid-amide synthons. The dense-packing crystal structures, facilitated by multiple hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, result in extended relaxation times, enabling efficient polarization diffusion within the crystals.

CO-induced gate-opening structural transition process of a porous coordination polymer revealed by solid-state C NMR.

This study investigates the gate-opening closed-to-open-pore structural transition of a porous coordination polymer induced by CO adsorption. Solid-state C NMR examination of adsorbed CO and framework dynamics reveals the surface adsorption state of the closed structure below the transition pressure and an intermediate structure during the transition process.

What are the Factors That Induce Paradoxical Hypertrichosis After Laser Hair Removal?

Background: Laser hair removal (LHR) is one of the most requested cosmetic procedures worldwide. A rare side effect is the appearance of excess hair around previously treated areas, known as paradoxical hypertrichosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify the cause of this side effect.

A case study of pyloric stenosis caused by metastatic lobular carcinoma of breast.

Metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is rare. A 59-year-old woman who had a history of an invasive lobular carcinoma of breast with clinical complete response visited our hospital and complained of an upper abdominal pain and distension. We performed an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy which showed only a gastric ulcer without any malignant findings.

Kre6 (yeast 1,6-β-transglycosylase) homolog, PhTGS, is essential for β-glucan synthesis in the haptophyte .

Haptophytes synthesize unique β-glucans containing more β-1,6-linkages than β-1,3 linkages, as a storage polysaccharide. To understand the mechanism of the synthesis, we investigated the roles of Kre6 (yeast 1,6-β-transglycosylase) homologs, PhTGS, in the haptophyte . RNAi of repressed β-glucan accumulation and simultaneously induced lipid production, suggesting that PhTGS is involved in β-glucan synthesis and that the knockdown leads to the alteration of the carbon metabolic flow.

Deep learning driven de novo drug design based on gastric proton pump structures.

Existing drugs often suffer in their effectiveness due to detrimental side effects, low binding affinity or pharmacokinetic problems. This may be overcome by the development of distinct compounds. Here, we exploit the rich structural basis of drug-bound gastric proton pump to develop compounds with strong inhibitory potency, employing a combinatorial approach utilizing deep generative models for de novo drug design with organic synthesis and cryo-EM structural analysis.

The disease burden of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Japan.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin condition that is associated with significant patient burden and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We report results of the real-world Epidemiology of Children with Atopic Dermatitis Reporting on their Experience study in Japanese pediatric patients, focusing on the impact of AD severity on disease burden.

Methods: Children and adolescents aged 6 months to 17 years (or their caregivers/parents) completed an online survey between September 26, 2018, and March 5, 2019.

Importance of correcting alar base ptosis during primary cleft lip repair.

Objectives: Until 1999 at our hospital, primary cleft lip repair was performed by the straight-line method and external rhinoplasty was performed by the inverted trapezoidal suture method with bilateral reverse-U incisions for children with cleft lip and palate. Subsequently, repeated surgical corrections of the external nasal morphology became necessary during the growth period, often with unsatisfactory results because repeated external rhinoplasty results in a stronger scar contracture. From 2000 to 2004, we performed external rhinoplasty after patients had stopped growing; however, delaying surgery created a psychological burden for patients.

Hyperpolarization of Biomolecules in Eutectic Crystals at Room Temperature Using Photoexcited Electrons.

The hyperpolarization of biomolecules at room temperature could facilitate highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging for metabolic studies and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screenings for drug discovery. In this study, we demonstrate the hyperpolarization of biomolecules in eutectic crystals using photoexcited triplet electrons at room temperature. Eutectic crystals composed of the domains of benzoic acid doped with the polarization source and analyte domains were prepared using a melting-quenching process.

Ventral anchoring of the conus medullaris: a new surgical technique preventing the radiographic recurrence of retethering after surgery for tethered spinal cord.

Objective: Retethering is not an unusual operation for a congenital lumbosacral dysraphic spinal lesion. The present study aimed to assess a new surgical technique for preventing retethering.

Surgical Technique: After untethering the spinal cord, the pia mater or scar tissue at the caudal end of the conus medullaris is anchored to the ventral dura mater loosely using 8-0 thread, and the dura mater is closed directly.

Impact of the Family and Household Environment on Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis in Japan.

Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) can negatively impact the family quality of life (QoL). We report data from the real-world Epidemiology of Children with Atopic Dermatitis Reporting on their Experience (EPI-CARE) study in Japanese pediatric patients, focusing on disease impact on family QoL. Children and adolescents aged 6 months to <18 years completed an online survey between September 2018-December 2019.

Real-world burden and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in Japan: A retrospective claims database analysis.

Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease, which can be subdivided into CRS with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. An intractable form of CRSwNP that is associated with an eosinophil-dominant inflammatory cell infiltration (eosinophilic CRS) has become more prevalent in Japan. There is currently limited information on the burden of CRS in Japan and treatment approaches used in real-world practice.

[Decision-Making Regarding Adjuvant Therapy for Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Early Breast Cancer].

In December 2021, abemaciclib was approved as an adjuvant treatment for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, high-risk early breast cancer in Japan. The Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Recurrence Score program(Oncotype DX)is a test that can be used to limit overtreatment in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, low-risk early breast cancer. Although the target groups of both these are different and usually without many overlapping indications, we encountered a case in which this therapy and test were used in a short time period.

[Hyponatremia Causing a Tonic-Clonic Seizure after Breast Cancer Surgery-The Medical Safety Perspective].

A 61-year-old woman was found to have calcifications in the CD region of the left breast. She had previously undergone total hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy for endometriosis at the age of 37 years. Since age 59 years, she had been attending an otorhinolaryngology clinic because of vertigo.

Coexistence of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous malformation with the same drainage system: illustrative case.

Background: The authors report a rare case of coexistence of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) and arteriovenous malformation (AVM), with a common trunk drainer from both DAVF and AVM in the left anterior cranial fossa (ACF) with simple DAVF in the right ACF.

Observations: A 63-year-old female presented with seizure. Cerebral angiography showed bilateral DAVFs in the ACF and AVM in the left frontal lobe.

Establishment of a reverse genetics system for rabies virus strain Komatsugawa.

The rabies virus strain Komatsugawa isolated from a dog in Tokyo in the 1940s retains biological properties as a field strain, providing an effective model for studying rabies pathogenesis. To facilitate molecular studies on the pathogenesis, this study aimed to establish a reverse genetics system for the Komatsugawa strain. By transfecting the full-length genome plasmid of this strain, infectious virus with artificially introduced genetic markers in its genome was rescued.

Anatomical and neurophysiological localization of the leg motor area at the medial central sulcus.

Objective: The exact location of the leg motor area is still in debate due to the lack of landmarks such as 'precentral knob' in the medial cortex. This study tried to identify the leg motor area based on intraoperative neurophysiological data and neuroimaging techniques.

Methods: Intraoperative data of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) elicited by tibial nerve stimulation and motor evoked potential (MEP) of the leg muscles induced by direct cortical stimulation were recorded using subdural electrodes placed in the medial cortex.

Relationship between subarachnoid hemorrhage and nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia as a fatal complication: patient series.

Background: Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) causes intestinal necrosis due to irreversible ischemia of the intestinal tract. The authors evaluated the incidence of NOMI in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured aneurysms, and they present the clinical characteristics and describe the outcomes to emphasize the importance of recognizing NOMI.

Observations: Overall, 7 of 276 consecutive patients with SAH developed NOMI.