Impact of Refractive Errors on the Academic Performance of High School Children of Lahore.

Introduction: The process of learning begins in childhood and accurate vision can greatly affects a child's learning capacity. It is documented that visual impairment in children can have a significant impact on their performance at school as well as their social interaction and development.

Objective: This research aimed to study the impact of refractive corrections on the academic performance of high school children in Lahore.

Delineating Novel and Known Pathogenic Variants in , and Genes in Eight Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) Pakistani Families.

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations and has been categorized with syndromic and non-syndromic features. The most common causative genes in non-syndromic OCA are TYR and OCA2 and HSP1 is in the syndromic albinism. The objective of this study was to identify pathogenic variants in congenital OCA families from Pakistan.

Comparison of effectiveness of WhatsApp and Facebook as learning tool for the students of a medical college.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Facebook and WhatsApp as learning tools for undergraduate medical students in ophthalmology.

Methods: The quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted at Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan from October 2017 to March 2018, and comprised 4th year medical students. A pre-test of ophthalmology topics was taken and participants were divided into Facebook and WhatsApp groups by gender-based stratified randomisation.

Antioxidant pretreatment enhances umbilical cord derived stem cells survival in response to thermal stress .

Pretreatment of stem cells with antioxidants accelerates their ability to counter oxidative stress and is associated with the overall therapeutic outcome of their transplantation. Wharton Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) were cultured and pretreated with various doses of antioxidants; Vitamin C (Vit C), Vitamin E (Vit E), Vitamin D3 (Vit D3) and their Cocktail, followed by exposure to heat injury. Assessment of WJMSCs survival, paracrine release, wound healing and expression of angiogenic and survival markers was conducted.

Use of Smart Phones and Social Media in Medical Education: Trends, Advantages, Challenges and Barriers.

Introduction: The technological advancements have transformed the society into a global forum influencing the educational processes and learning environments. Medical education is no exemption with an increasing trend to use the social media and smart phones for teaching and learning. Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube and Edmodo are the platforms promoting collaborative learning, improved communication and knowledge sharing.