: A Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology.

This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on the ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of . Phytochemical analysis of revealed that it is composed of phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins, chlorophylls, alkaloids, and steroids. Numerous compounds including syringic acid, --D-glucopyranosyl-2-(2'-hydroxy-Z-6'-enecosamide) sphingosine, isovitexin, and 3--D-glucopyranosyl-24-ethylcholest-5-ene have been identified and isolated from this plant species.

Effects of temperature, time, and solvent ratio on the extraction of phenolic compounds and the anti-radical activity of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves by response surface methodology.

Background: Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is a well-known plant, native to tropical Asian countries. Reports on this plant that is rich in phenolic compounds have focused on its therapeutic anti-inflammatory, anti-herpes simplex, antioxidant, and anti-cancer characteristics. In this paper, the influence of the extraction parameters-temperatures (60-80 °C), times (80-120 min), and solvent ratios (70:30-90:10) of water:ethanol were investigated using response surface methodology in order to determine the optimum extraction conditions that could produce maximum extraction yields of the phenolic compounds and the highest anti-radical activity of the C.