Humidity-tolerant porous polymer coating for passive daytime radiative cooling.

Coating building envelopes with a passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) material has attracted enormous attention as an alternative cooling technique with minimal energy consumption and carbon footprint. Despite the exceptional performance and scalability of porous polymer coating (PPC), achieving consistent performance over a wide range of drying environments remains a major challenge for its commercialization as a radiative cooling paint. Herein, we demonstrate the humidity vulnerability of PPC during the drying process and propose a simple strategy to greatly mitigate the issue.

Multi isotope systematics of precipitation to trace the sources of air pollutants in Seoul, Korea.

Multiple sulfur (δS, ΔS, & ΔS), nitrogen and oxygen (δN & δO) and strontium (Sr/Sr) isotope compositions of precipitation collected from Seoul, South Korea were analyzed to study the sources, transportation and deposition of air pollutants in East Asia. The δS values (from 1.9 to 14.

The origin and migration of the dissolved sulfate from precipitation in Seoul, Korea.

This study incorporated stable isotope analyses with chemical analyses to determine the origin and migration of sulfur sources in East Asia, and these findings were compared with our decadal research from 2000 to 2001 and 2002 to 2003. The multiple sulfur isotope composition (S, S and S) of the dissolved sulfate in precipitation was first measured from 2011 to 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. The δS values were -1.

High-Temperature Current Collection Enabled by the in Situ Phase Transformation of Cobalt-Nickel Foam for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

For the commercial development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), cathode current collection has been one of the most challenging issues because it is extremely difficult to form continuous electric paths between two rigid components in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere. Herein, we present a Co-Ni foam as an innovative cathode current collector that fulfills all strict thermochemical and thermomechanical requirements for use in SOFCs. The Co-Ni foam is originally in the form of a metal alloy, offering excellent mechanical properties and manufacturing tolerance during stack assembly and startup processes.

High refractive index metamaterials using corrugated metallic slots.

We report on a method for realizing high refractive index metamaterials using corrugated metallic slot structures at terahertz frequencies. The effective refractive index and peak index frequency can be controlled by varying the width of the air gap in the corrugated slot arrays. The phenomenon occurs because of the secondary resonance effect due to the fundamental inductive-capacitive resonance, which generates a red-shift of the fundamental resonance determined by twice the length of the corrugated metallic slots.

Effect of physiological posterolateral rotatory laxity on early results of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with posterolateral corner reconstruction.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of physiological posterolateral rotatory laxity on posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction in terms of posterior stability and clinical outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of sixty-five patients who had undergone arthroscopic PCL reconstruction with simultaneous reconstruction of the posterolateral corner from March 2004 to April 2009. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the amount of tibial external rotation at 90° of knee flexion on the uninjured side: Group 1 (<40°; n = 26), Group 2 (between 40° and 50°; n = 21), and Group 3 (>50°; n = 18).

Arthroscopic repair of concomitant type II SLAP lesions in large to massive rotator cuff tears: comparison with biceps tenotomy.

Background: There are no studies examining superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) repair combined with repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears, and it is unclear whether a combined SLAP repair would lead to better outcomes than biceps tenotomy.

Hypothesis: Tenotomy and rotator cuff repair would lead to better outcomes compared with those of combined SLAP and rotator cuff repair.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Anatomical Reconstruction for Chronic Posterolateral Instability Combined with Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Surgical Technique.

Introduction: We present surgical techniques for the anatomical reconstruction of the popliteus tendon and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) with use of a tibialis posterior allograft for posterolateral corner insufficiency combined with anterolateral transtibial single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction with use of an Achilles tendon-bone allograft with a one-incision technique.

Step 1 Create The Portals: Use a parapatellar high anteromedial portal, a far anterolateral portal, and a high posteromedial portal.

Step 2 Prepare The Tibial Tunnel And Femoral Socket For The Pcl Reconstruction: To reduce the graft/socket divergence, (1) flex the knee >100°, (2) push the proximal part of the tibia backward as much as possible, and (3) introduce the cannulated headed reamer through the far anterolateral portal with a smooth plastic sheath and push up posteriorly to make contact with the lateral femoral condyle.

Arthroscopic partial repair of irreparable large to massive rotator cuff tears.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of arthroscopic partial repair and margin convergence of irreparable large to massive rotator cuff tears.

Methods: Between January 2003 and July 2008, 27 patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent arthroscopic partial repair and margin convergence of irreparable large to massive rotator cuff tears. An irreparable tear was defined as a tear with a minimum anterior-to-posterior width of 3 cm or larger, where it was not feasible to completely cover the humeral head with the cuff at the time of surgery.

Bio-solid-State processes for synthesis of Li-Fe-phosphate.

Lithium-Fe-phosphates have become of great interest as storage cathodes for rechargeable Li-batteries because of their high density, environmental friendliness, and safety. The objective of this study was to examine bio-solid-state synthesis of LiFePO4 by microbial processes at room temperature. The microbial reduction of Fe(III)-citrate using an organic carbon, glucose, as an electron donor in the presence of NaHPO4 and lithium that resulted in the formation of Li-substituted iron phosphate.

Evidence for anthropogenic 210Po in the urban atmosphere of Seoul, Korea.

We have measured the concentrations of 210Po, 210Pb, SO4(2-), Na+, and 34S in precipitation samples from two metropolitan cities, Seoul and Busan, Korea. The delta34S values ranged from 0 to 10% in most Seoul and Busan precipitation samples, indicating major contributions from industrial sources to S levels. A high level of excess 210Po, which is not produced by 210Pb decay in the troposphere, was observed in both regions.