Development of a strategy for assessing blood-brain barrier disruption using serum S100 calcium-binding protein B and neuron-specific enolase in early stage of neuroemergencies: A preliminary study.

Background: Rapid disease progression in neuroemergencies is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. We investigated a less invasive strategy for assessing BBB status by evaluating S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at early stages of the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) cascade.

Methods: This retrospective study used prospectively collected data from patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (August 2019-July 2021).

Blood-brain barrier disruption as a cause of various serum neuron-specific enolase cut-off values for neurological prognosis in cardiac arrest patients.

We compared the cut-off and prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) between groups with and without severe blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption to reveal that a cause of various serum NSE cut-off value for neurological prognosis is severe BBB disruption in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients underwent target temperature management (TTM). This was a prospective, single-centre study conducted from January 2019 to June 2021. Severe BBB disruption was indicated using cerebrospinal fluid-serum albumin quotient values > 0.

The Association Between Neurological Prognosis and the Degree of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Cardiac Arrest Survivors Who Underwent Target Temperature Management.

Background: This study aimed to compare day-specific associations of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption with neurological outcome in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treated with target temperature management (TTM) and lumbar drainage.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 68 survivors of OHCA who underwent TTM between April 2018 and December 2019. The albumin quotient (Q) was calculated as Q = albumin/albumin immediately (day 1) and 24 (day 2), 48 (day 3), and 72 h (day 4) after the return of spontaneous circulation.

Relationships between serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and neurological outcomes of patients who underwent targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

This study aimed to evaluate times for measuring serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (SLLs) to predict neurological prognosis among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors.This retrospective study examined patients who experienced OHCA treated with targeted temperature management (TTM). The SLLs were evaluated at the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and at 24, 48, and 72 hours later.

Using Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) and Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis (CAHP) Scores with Modified Objective Data to Improve Neurological Prognostic Performance for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors.

This study aimed to determine whether accuracy and sensitivity concerning neurological prognostic performance increased for survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treated with targeted temperature management (TTM), using OHCA and cardiac arrest hospital prognosis (CAHP) scores and modified objective variables. We retrospectively analyzed non-traumatic OHCA survivors treated with TTM. The primary outcome was poor neurological outcome at 3 months after return of spontaneous circulation (cerebral performance category, 3-5).

Negative pressure wound therapy for skin necrosis prevention after snakebite in the emergency department: A retrospective cohort study.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the effectiveness of conventional treatment and ultra-early application of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in patients with snakebites.Patients who visited the emergency department within 24 hours after a snakebite were assigned to the non- NPWT or NPWT group. Swelling resolution time and rates of necrosis, infection, and operations were compared between the 2 groups.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Levels, Brain Lactate Metabolism and Neurologic Outcome in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background/objective: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum lactate levels were assessed to predict poor neurologic outcome 3 months after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We compared arterio-CSF differences in the lactate (ACDL) levels between two neurologic outcome groups.

Methods: This retrospective observational study involved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors who had undergone target temperature management.

The cut-off value of a qualitative brain diffusion-weighted image (DWI) scoring system to predict poor neurologic outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients after target temperature management.

Aim: We presented the cut-off value of a diffusion-weighted image (DWI) scoring system to predict poor neurologic outcome using DWI taken 72-96 h after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients underwent target temperature management (TTM).

Methods: This was a prospective single-centre observational study, conducted from March 2018 to April 2020 in OHCA patients after TTM. Neurological status was assessed 6 months after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) using the Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories (CPC) scale.

Impact of low and high partial pressure of carbon dioxide on neuron-specific enolase derived from serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients who underwent targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective study.

Aim: In a previous study, low and high-normal arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO) were not associated with serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in cardiac arrest survivors. We assessed the effect of PaCO on NSE in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.

Methods: This was a retrospective study.

The value of cerebrospinal fluid ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 protein as a prognostic predictor of neurologic outcome in post-cardiac arrest patients treated with targeted temperature management.

Aim: We evaluated the prognostic value of serum- and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 protein (UCHL1) measurements in post- post-out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients treated with target temperature management (TTM), to predict neurologic outcome.

Methods: This was a prospective single-centre observational cohort study, conducted from April 2018 to September 2019. Serum- and CSF-UCHL1 were obtained immediately (UCHL1), 24 h (UCHL1), 48 h (UCHL1), and 72 h (UCHL1) after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Changes in peak inspiratory flow rate and peak airway pressure with endotracheal tube size during chest compression.

Background: Adequate airway management plays an important role in high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Airway management is usually performed using an endotracheal tube (ETT) during CPR. However, no study has assessed the effect of ETT size on the flow rate and airway pressure during CPR.

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase as a potential predictor of neurologic outcomes in cardiac arrest survivors who underwent target temperature management.

Purpose: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels increase in patients with brain injury. We investigated neurologic outcomes associated with CSF LDH levels in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors who underwent target temperature management (TTM).

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective single-centre observational study from April 2018 to May 2019 on a cohort of 41 patients.

Relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter measured by magnetic resonance imaging, intracranial pressure, and neurological outcome in cardiac arrest survivors who underwent targeted temperature management.

Aim: Studies on the prognostic performance of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors (OHCA) have reported conflicting results. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of ONSD measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate its association with intracranial pressure (ICP) and 6-month neurological outcomes in CA survivors treated with targeted temperature management (TTM).

Method: This retrospective study included 37 CA survivors who underwent TTM from January 2018 to December 2018.

The usefulness of neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid to predict neurological prognosis in cardiac arrest survivors who underwent target temperature management: A prospective observational study.

Aim: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels increase ahead of serum NSE levels in patients with severe brain injury. We examined the prognostic performance between CSF NSE and serum NSE levels in out-of-cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors who had undergone target temperature management (TTM).

Methods: This single-centre prospective observational study included OHCA patients who had undergone TTM.

Optimal timing to measure optic nerve sheath diameter as a prognostic predictor in post-cardiac arrest patients treated with targeted temperature management.

Aim: We evaluated the optimal timing of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement to predict neurologic outcome in post-cardiac arrest patients treated with target temperature management (TTM).

Methods: This was a prospective single-centre observational study from April 2018 to March 2019. Good outcome was defined as the Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories (CPC) 1 or 2, and poor outcome as a CPC between 3 and 5.

Relationship between time related serum albumin concentration, optic nerve sheath diameter, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and neurological prognosis in cardiac arrest survivors.

Aim: The optimal time to measure serum albumin concentration (SAC) to predict prognosis in cardiac arrest (CA) survivors has not been elucidated. We aimed to compare the relationships between time-related SAC, optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), intracranial pressure (ICP), and neurological prognosis in CA survivors.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective study examining CA patients treated with target temperature management (TTM).

Comparison of right and left ventricular enhancement times using a microbubble contrast agent between proximal humeral intraosseous access and brachial intravenous access during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults.

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the ventricular enhancement time between humeral intraosseous access (HIO) and brachial intravenous access (BIV) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in adult humans. To our knowledge, this is the first such study during CPR in adult humans.

Methods: This prospective single-centre observational cohort study assessed the medical records of patients who underwent CPR between January 2018 and March 2018.

Liver Donation After Brain Death Following Intentional Ingestion of 99% E-Cigarette Liquid Nicotine 10 mL.

Incidences of brain death due to nicotine overdose by e-cigarettes have been increasing. In such cases, liver donation has been not reported because of the secondary damage to the liver due to metabolism of large amounts of nicotine. However, kidneys have been considered acceptable for transplant.

Vasopressor requirement during targeted temperature management for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest caused by acute myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock.

Objective: We investigated whether patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to an acute myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock required higher doses of vasopressors with low targeted temperature management (TTM) after return of spontaneous circulation.

Methods: We included consecutive comatose patients resuscitated from OHCA between January 2011 and December 2013. Patients with return of spontaneous circulation, regional wall motion abnormality on echocardiography, and coronary artery stenosis of ≥70% on percutaneous coronary artery angiography were enrolled.

Comparison of overlapping (OP) and adjacent thumb positions (AP) for cardiac compressions using the encircling method in infants.

Objectives: The aim of this manikin study was to compare the efficiency between overlapping (OP) and adjacent thumb positions (AP) for cardiac compressions using the encircling method in infants.

Methods: The study conducted from December 2010 to August 2011 involved 48 volunteers who were students in the emergency medical technician course. The authors let volunteers practice OP and AP as a crossover design.