Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Advances in Systemic Therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer, representing over 90% of cases globally and ranking as the third leading cause of cancer-related death. This article reviews the evolving landscape of systemic therapies for advanced HCC, emphasizing recent advancements and their impact on patient outcomes. The advent of molecular targeted therapies has transformed HCC management, with sorafenib being the first FDA-approved molecular targeted therapy, setting a standard for a decade.

Unilateral Ptosis in an Older Adult; a Rare Presentation of Primary Extranodal Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a neoplasm arising from B cells characterized by the presence of Reed-Steenberg cells. Primary extranodal presentation is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all HL cases. In addition, the orbit is an uncommon site of extranodal HL, with only 9 cases reported in the literature.

Presentation Patterns, Diagnostic Markers, Management Strategies, and Outcomes of IgD Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Literature.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) D multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare subtype of MM comprising 2% of all the cases. Malignant plasma cell invasion leads to signs and symptoms similar to other subtypes of MM. The synthesis rate of IgD is lower in IgD MM patients, making it very difficult to diagnose compared to other subtypes.

Contamination of Household Open Wells in an Urban Area of Trivandrum, Kerala State, India: A Spatial Analysis of Health Risk Using Geographic Information System.

Objective: To assess the sanitary condition and water quality of household wells and to depict it spatially using Geographic Information System (GIS) in an urban area of Trivandrum, Kerala state, India.

Study Design: A community-based cross-sectional census-type study.

Methods: Study was conducted in an urban area of Trivandrum.