Study protocol: perinatal mood treatment study.

Perinatal depression (PND) affects up to 20% of women and is associated with significant impairment and disability in affected women. In addition, perinatal depression is associated with broader public health and multigenerational consequences. Innovative approaches are needed to reduce the burden of perinatal depression through identification, tracking, and treatment of depressive symptoms during the perinatal period.

A Novel and Integrated Digitally Supported System of Care for Depression and Anxiety: Findings From an Open Trial.

Background: The global burden of anxiety and depression has created an urgent need for scalable approaches to increase access to evidence-based mental health care. The Screening and Treatment for Anxiety and Depression (STAND) system of care was developed to meet this need through the use of internet-connected devices for assessment and provision of treatment. STAND triages to level of care (monitoring only, digital therapy with coaches, digital therapy assisted by clinicians in training, and clinical care) and then continuously monitors symptoms to adapt level of care.

Enhancing Racial/Ethnic Equity in College Student Mental Health Through Innovative Screening and Treatment.

Although college campuses are diversifying rapidly, students of color remain an underserved and understudied group. Online screening and subsequent allocation to treatment represents a pathway to enhancing equity in college student mental health. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in mental health problems and treatment enrollment within the context of a largescale screening and treatment research initiative on a diverse college campus.

Pretreatment social network characteristics relate to increased risk of dropout and unfavorable outcomes among women in a residential treatment setting for substance use.

Increased retention in residential treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) has been associated with more favorable clinical outcomes for residents. Yet SUD treatment dropout remains high. It is essential to uncover factors contributing to these high rates.

Acting with awareness and distress tolerance relate to PTSD symptoms among women with substance use disorder.

Objectives: Women with a history of trauma exposure and substance use disorder (SUD) are more likely to report co-occurring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms than the general population. However, cognitive factors such as increased distress tolerance and mindfulness disposition might be especially protective against PTSD symptoms for women with SUD.

Methods: We examined the associations of distress tolerance and mindfulness disposition as potential resilience factors to PTSD symptoms in a sample of women receiving residential treatment for SUD (N = 237, = 32.

Sexual trauma history is associated with reduced orbitofrontal network strength in substance-dependent women.

Aim: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly comorbid with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD-SUD comorbidity is associated with greater functional impairments and relapse risk. Women with SUDs experience markedly higher rates of trauma and PTSD compared to men with SUDs, particularly due to sexual and domestic abuse.

Manipulating affective state influences conditioned appetitive responses.

Affective states influence how individuals process information and behave. Some theories predict emotional congruency effects (e.g.

A Primer on Bayesian Analysis for Experimental Psychopathologists.

The principal goals of experimental psychopathology (EPP) research are to offer insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of mental disorders and to provide a stable ground for the development of clinical interventions. The main message of the present article is that those goals are better served by the adoption of Bayesian statistics than by the continued use of null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST). In the first part of the article we list the main disadvantages of NHST and explain why those disadvantages limit the conclusions that can be drawn from EPP research.

Pathways towards the proliferation of avoidance in anxiety and implications for treatment.

Avoidance is a key symptom of anxiety disorders. Maladaptive avoidance impairs general functioning acutely and maintains chronic anxiety. A better understanding of the mechanisms that elicit and maintain excessive avoidance might provide opportunities to improve treatment.

Lights … action: Comparison of trauma films for use in the trauma film paradigm.

Affective films are often used in emotion research and negative films are frequently used as an analogue for trauma (trauma film paradigm). However, different films are used with possibly distinct consequences. We aimed to investigate specific effects of four negative films covering distinct themes (physical, sexual, traffic and food), and tested neutral and positive films with matching content.

Moving threat: Attention and distance change interact in threat responding.

Defensive reactions need to be quick and appropriate to ensure survival. Thus, it is crucial that threats trigger immediate action upon detection, even in the absence of awareness. In addition, the form of such action should be appropriate to the imminence of the threat.

Fearing shades of grey: individual differences in fear responding towards generalisation stimuli.

Individual differences in fear generalisation have been proposed to play a role in the aetiology and/or maintenance of anxiety disorders, but few data are available to directly support that claim. The research that is available has focused mostly on generalisation of peripheral and central physiological fear responses. Far less is known about the generalisation of avoidance, the behavioural component of fear.

Effects of Approach-Avoidance Training on the Extinction and Return of Fear Responses.

Background And Objectives: Exposure therapy for anxiety involves confronting a patient with fear-evoking stimuli, a procedure based partially on Pavlovian extinction. Exposure and other extinction-based therapies usually lead to (partial) reduction of fear symptoms, but a substantial number of patients experience a return of fear after treatment. Here we tested whether the combination of fear extinction with modification of approach-avoidance tendencies using an Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) would result in the further reduction of conditioned fear and/or help prevent return of fear after extinction.

Individual Differences in Discriminatory Fear Learning under Conditions of Ambiguity: A Vulnerability Factor for Anxiety Disorders?

Complex fear learning procedures might be better suited than the common differential fear-conditioning paradigm for detecting individual differences related to vulnerability for anxiety disorders. Two such procedures are the blocking procedure and the protection-from-overshadowing procedure. Their comparison allows for the examination of discriminatory fear learning under conditions of ambiguity.