Using Large Language Models for Efficient Cancer Registry Coding in the Real Hospital Setting: A Feasibility Study.

The primary challenge in reporting cancer cases lies in the labor-intensive and time-consuming process of manually reviewing numerous reports. Current methods predominantly rely on rule-based approaches or custom-supervised learning models, which predict diagnostic codes based on a single pathology report per patient. Although these methods show promising evaluation results, their biased outcomes in controlled settings may hinder adaption to real-world reporting workflows.

Changes in Staging and Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Following the Implementation of Low-Dose Chest Computed Tomography (LDCT) Screening at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital.

Background: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been widely adopted for lung cancer screening due to its proven ability to reduce lung cancer mortality, especially among high-risk populations.

Methods: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the impact of LDCT screening on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staging at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH) from 2011 to 2020, following the introduction of LDCT in 2013. The study examines the correlation between LDCT screening volume and changes in the distribution of NSCLC stages, particularly early-stage (stages 0 and I) and late-stage (stage IV) diagnoses.

Registry of Genetic Alterations of Taiwan Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Comprehensive Next-Generation Sequencing: A Real-World Cohort Study-Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group T1521.

Purpose: Tissue-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis is highly recommended for patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated a specific patient population with NSCLC that required tissue-based NGS analysis.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 500 patients with advanced/metastatic (1) epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations or anaplastic large-cell lymphoma kinase () rearrangement-positive NSCLC who had failed at minimum one line of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, (2) -negative nonsquamous, and (3) non- or light-smoker patients with squamous NSCLC who were treatment-naïve or had failed at maximum two lines of systemic treatment.

One-month daily and three-month weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid are comparable in completion rate and safety for latent tuberculosis infection in non-HIV Population: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid for 3 months (3HP) improves completion rate of latent tuberculosis infection treatment, but flu-like symptoms are common. The novel 1HP regimen, involving daily rifapentine plus isoniazid for 28 days, has demonstrated low toxicity in HIV-infected populations. We aimed to investigate whether 1HP has a lower incidence rate of systemic drug reaction (SDR) compared with 3HP during treatment in non-HIV populations.

Sputum bacterial microbiota signature as a surrogate for predicting disease progression of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.

Objectives: Predicting progression of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) remains challenging. This study evaluated whether sputum bacterial microbiome diversity can be the biomarker and provide novel insights into related phenotypes and treatment timing.

Methods: We analyzed 126 sputum microbiomes of 126 patients with newly diagnosed NTM-LD due to Mycobacterium avium complex, M.

Integrating predictive coding and a user-centric interface for enhanced auditing and quality in cancer registry data.

Data curation for a hospital-based cancer registry heavily relies on the labor-intensive manual abstraction process by cancer registrars to identify cancer-related information from free-text electronic health records. To streamline this process, a natural language processing system incorporating a hybrid of deep learning-based and rule-based approaches for identifying lung cancer registry-related concepts, along with a symbolic expert system that generates registry coding based on weighted rules, was developed. The system is integrated with the hospital information system at a medical center to provide cancer registrars with a patient journey visualization platform.

Heterogeneity of Phase II Enzyme Ligands on Controlling the Progression of Human Gastric Cancer Organoids as Stem Cell Therapy Model.

Gastric cancer (GC) organoids are frequently used to examine cell proliferation and death as well as cancer development. Invasion/migration assay, xenotransplantation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were used to examine the effects of antioxidant drugs, including perillaldehyde (PEA), cinnamaldehyde (CA), and sulforaphane (SFN), on GC. PEA and CA repressed the proliferation of human GC organoids, whereas SFN enhanced it.

Federated machine learning for predicting acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a multicenter study in Taiwan.

Purpose: To address the contentious data sharing across hospitals, this study adopted a novel approach, federated learning (FL), to establish an aggregate model for acute kidney injury (AKI) prediction in critically ill patients in Taiwan.

Methods: This study used data from the Critical Care Database of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH) from 2015 to 2020 and electrical medical records of the intensive care units (ICUs) between 2018 and 2020 of four referral centers in different areas across Taiwan. AKI prediction models were trained and validated thereupon.

Corrigendum: Identification and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 alpha variants in the largest Taiwan COVID-19 outbreak in 2021.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in Taiwan.

Background/purpose: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is rare disease manifested as alveolar macrophage dysfunction and abnormal accumulation of surfactant protein in the alveoli. In this nationwide, population-based study, we investigated the epidemiology of PAP in Taiwan, and discovered the comorbidities and prognostic factors of PAP.

Methods: From the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), we obtained comprehensive information about all patients of PAP in Taiwan between 1995 and 2013.

Independent Signaling of Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Human Gastric Cancer Organoids Infected by .

We prepared three-dimensional (3-D) organoids of human stomach cancers and examined the correlation between the tumorigenicity and cytotoxicity of (). In addition, the effects of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) on the growth and invasion activity of -infected gastric cancer organoids were examined. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)-green fluorescence protein (GFP)-labeled was used to trace the infection in gastric organoids.

Local Consolidative Therapy May Have Prominent Clinical Efficacy in Patients with -Mutant Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Treated with First-Line Afatinib.

Afatinib is an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is utilized for the treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer that harbors mutations. No studies have evaluated the clinical efficacy of LCT in patients treated with first-line afatinib. In this study, we retrospectively enrolled patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas harboring susceptible mutations who were diagnosed and treated with first-line afatinib in three hospitals.

The identification and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 delta variants in Taiwan.

In Taiwan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involving the delta variant occurred after that involving the alpha variant in 2021. In this study, we aimed to analyze the Delta variant. A total of 318 patients in Taiwan infected with delta variants were identified.

Gut microbiota composition can reflect immune responses of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Evidence has linked the DM-related dysbiosis of gut microbiota to modifiable host immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the crosslinks between gut microbiota composition and immunological effects on the development of latent TB infection (LTBI) in DM patients remain uncertain.

Different Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Used in Treating EGFR-Mutant Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Brain Metastasis and Intracranial Intervention Have No Impact on Clinical Outcomes.

Brain metastasis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is a factor of poor prognosis. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the optimal treatment strategy for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastasis receiving or not receiving intracranial intervention. A total of 186 patients treated with an EGFR TKI were enrolled in the study, and 79 (42%) received intracranial intervention.

Stem Cell Biomarkers and Tumorigenesis in Gastric Cancer.

Stomach cancer has a high mortality, which is partially caused by an absence of suitable biomarkers to allow detection of the initiation stages of cancer progression. Thus, identification of critical biomarkers associated with gastric cancer (GC) is required to advance its clinical diagnoses and treatment. Recent studies using tracing models for lineage analysis of GC stem cells indicate that the cell fate decision of the gastric stem cells might be an important issue for stem cell plasticity.