Functional Engagement of the PD-1/PD-L1 Complex But Not PD-L1 Expression Is Highly Predictive of Patient Response to Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: In many cancers, the expression of immunomodulatory ligands leads to immunoevasion, as exemplified by the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Profound advances in cancer treatments have come with the advent of immunotherapies directed at blocking these immuno-suppressive ligand-receptor interactions. However, although there has been success in the use of these immune checkpoint interventions, correct patient stratification for these therapies has been challenging.

Sinonasal chondromyxoid fibroma.

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare benign cartilaginous tumor that usually arises from the metaphysis of long bones. In rare cases, however, CMF presents in unusual locations, such as the facial bones and sinonasal tract. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman with a CMF of the nasal septum.