, a Gene Potentially Implicated in Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X.

Familial colorectal cancer Type X (FCCTX) comprises a heterogeneous group of families with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and other related tumors, but with mismatch repair-proficient, microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors. Unfortunately, the genetic basis underlying their cancer predisposition remains unknown. Although pathogenic germline variants in increase the risk of developing hereditary ovarian cancer, the involvement of in hereditary colorectal cancer is still not well known.

Association Between Baseline Circulating Tumor Cells, Molecular Tumor Profiling, and Clinical Characteristics in a Large Cohort of Chemo-naïve Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Prospectively Collected.

Background: Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic and predictive factors offer valuable guidance when selecting optimal first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). The association between baseline circulating tumor cell (bCTC) count, molecular tumor profile, and clinicopathologic features was analyzed in a chemo-naïve metastatic CRC population.

Patients And Methods: A total of 1202 patients from the Spanish VISNÚ-1 (FOLFIRINOX/bevacizumab vs.

A phase 2 study of panitumumab with irinotecan as salvage therapy in chemorefractory KRAS exon 2 wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Targeted agents are standard treatment for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer in the first- and second-line settings. This phase 2 study determined the benefit of targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with panitumumab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory patients.

Methods: KRAS exon-2 wild-type patients failing prior irinotecan received panitumumab (6 mg/kg) and irinotecan (180 mg/m²) every 2 weeks.

Novel genetic mutations detected by multigene panel are associated with hereditary colorectal cancer predisposition.

Half of the high-risk colorectal cancer families that fulfill the clinical criteria for Lynch syndrome lack germline mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes and remain unexplained. Genetic testing for hereditary cancers is rapidly evolving due to the introduction of multigene panels, which may identify more mutations than the old screening methods. The aim of this study is the use of a Next Generation Sequencing panel in order to find the genes involved in the cancer predisposition of these families.

Prognostic Value of BRAF, PI3K, PTEN, EGFR Copy Number, Amphiregulin and Epiregulin Status in Patients with KRAS Codon 12 Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy with Anti-EGFR Therapy.

Introduction: Mutational analysis of RAS is required for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, most patients with KRAS wild-type tumors still do not respond. Other molecules downstream of the EGFR may also play a role in resistance to EGFR therapies.

Cancer risk and overall survival in mismatch repair proficient hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome and sporadic colorectal cancer.

Mismatch repair proficient hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (MSS-HNPCC) encloses a heterogeneous group of families consisting of different unknown genetic syndromes and/or aggregations cases. The lack of information about the hereditability of cancer risk in these families makes it difficult to carry out an individualized Genetic Counseling. Therefore, deep description of such families becomes important for a better classification and search for underlying susceptibility causes.

Role of Kras status in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab: a TTD group cooperative study.

Background: In the MACRO study, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were randomised to first-line treatment with 6 cycles of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) plus bevacizumab followed by either single-agent bevacizumab or XELOX plus bevacizumab until disease progression. An additional retrospective analysis was performed to define the prognostic value of tumour KRAS status on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and response rates.

Methodology/principal Findings: KRAS data (tumour KRAS status and type of mutation) were collected by questionnaire from participating centres that performed KRAS analyses.

Study of KRAS new predictive marker in a clinical laboratory.

Background: The presence of somatic mutations in the KRAS gene has been identified as a reliable strong negative predictor for the response to targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and the use of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies such as Cetuximab and Panitumumab is now restricted to patients with no detectable KRAS mutations. Between 30 and 40 % of colorectal cancers contain a mutated KRAS oncogene. The aim of this study was to evaluate concordance between three methods to analyze KRAS mutational status in regard to clinical testing.

Influence of KRAS p.G13D mutation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab.

Background: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with activating mutations at codon 12 or 13 of the KRAS gene are currently excluded from treatment with monoclonal antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), for example, cetuximab. Occasionally, some of these patients benefit from treatment with cetuximab, especially patients with a mutation at codon 13. We conducted an analysis to study the influence of the KRAS p.

Endogenous antioxidant defence system in rat liver following mercury chloride oral intoxication.

Mercury is a highly toxic metal which induces oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathion peroxidase are proteins involved in the endogenous antioxidant defence system. In the present study rats were administered orally, by gavage, a single daily dose of HgCl2 for three consecutive days.

Relationship between expression of HSP70 and metallothionein and oxidative stress during mercury chloride induced acute liver injury in rats.

Mercury is a highly toxic metal which induces oxidative stress. Metallothionein and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) are stress proteins involved in response to different stimuli. In the present study rats were administered per oral application by gavage, a single daily dose (0.